A timely overview of ethics, emphasizing applications to biomedical researchers, health providers, and administrators There are no simple rules to guide ethical conduct in daily practice, health professionals must have a basic understanding of several topics including ethical theories; ethical scandals; laws, regulations, and institutional policies; and public perceptions. This book can be used for self-study, for classroom instruction, and as a refresher and update by practicing health professionals. The chapters have learning objectives, focused content, a summary of important points, a quiz, and a list of key references. Although the book is arranged in a logical order, each chapter may be studied independently.

Small invisible particles in the urban air, especially those produced by human activities, have recently stimulated intense scrutiny, debate, regulation, and legal proceedings. The stakes are high, both with respect to health impacts and economic costs, and the methods used previously to resolve similar issues are no longer adequate. Everyone on earth inhales thousands to millions of particles in each breath, so if urban particulate air pollution-particulate matter (PM)-is significantly hazardous, the negative impact on health could be staggering. Yet the activities that generate PM, such as farming, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and generating electricity, are themselves essential to human health and welfare. Scientists, regulators, legislators, activists, judges, lawyers, journalists, and representatives of the business community are actively involved in addressing the question of what should be done. This complex issue presents opportunities for critically assessing the relevant knowledge and for adopting more rigorous approaches to this and similar problems. What is the PM controversy, and why is it a good case study for how science and public policy might better interface? The PM controversy is the sum of the frequently heated debates related to the potential health risks from urban PM.

This significantly updated and expanded new edition presents the scientific foundations of inhalation research essential to the design and conduct of toxicologic studies. It explores the full range of numerous scientific developments in the field, including recent advances in biology and the rapidly increasing global concerns and studies on particulate air pollution.

Key topics in the "Second Edition" include:

- new developments in the ultrafine particle health effects and concentrated aerosol research

- advances in understanding postnatal lung growth and the deposition and clearance of inhaled particles

- new techniques in toxicity testing

- the explosion of knowledge in the genetic and molecular realms

- the introduction of a large number of transgenic animal models

- updated ethical guidelines for animal testing

- the emergence of aerosol medicine

- the growing threat of aerosol-related terrorism

- increased appreciation of nonpulmonary effects of inhaled substances

- use of medical scanning techniques to study respiratory tract structure

- the introduction of new inhalation exposure systems

- the emergence of aerosol concentrators for use in air pollution studies

Small invisible particles in the urban air, especially those produced by human activities, have recently stimulated intense scrutiny, debate, regulation, and legal proceedings. The stakes are high, both with respect to health impacts and economic costs, and the methods used previously to resolve similar issues are no longer adequate. Everyone on earth inhales thousands to millions of particles in each breath, so if urban particulate air pollution-particulate matter (PM)-is significantly hazardous, the negative impact on health could be staggering. Yet the activities that generate PM, such as farming, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and generating electricity, are themselves essential to human health and welfare. Scientists, regulators, legislators, activists, judges, lawyers, journalists, and representatives of the business community are actively involved in addressing the question of what should be done. This complex issue presents opportunities for critically assessing the relevant knowledge and for adopting more rigorous approaches to this and similar problems. What is the PM controversy, and why is it a good case study for how science and public policy might better interface? The PM controversy is the sum of the frequently heated debates related to the potential health risks from urban PM.

This Unique Textbook Examines The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution Including The Relevant Toxicology And Epidemiology. It Provides A Foundation For The Sampling And Analysis Of Air Pollutants As Well As An Understanding Of International Air Quality Regulations. Written For Upper-Level Undergraduate And Introductory Graduate Courses In Air Pollution, The Book Is Also A Valuable Desk Reference For Practicing Professionals Who Need To Have A Broad Understanding Of The Topic. Key Features: - Provides The Most Up-To-Date Coverage Of The Basic Health And Environmental Issues Associated With Air Pollution. - Offers A Broader Examination Of Air Pollution Topics, Beyond Just The Meteorological And Engineering Aspects Of Air Pollution. - Includes The Following Instructor Resources: Instructor's Manual, Powerpoint Presentations, And A Testbank. The Phalens Have Put Together A Timely Book On A Critically Important Topic That Affects All Of Us -- Air Pollution - And They Do So In A New And Highly Relevant Way: They Consider The Broad Societal Health Impacts From A Fundamental Science Viewpoint. The Epidemiology, Toxicology, And Risks Of Air Pollutants Are Included, And Ethical Issues Of Concern Are Highlighted. This Book Is A Must-Read For Students Who Wish To Become Professionals In The Air Quality Field And For Students Of Environmental Science Whose Work Includes Air Pollution Issues. The Book Is A Significant Contribution To The Discipline." - Cliff I. Davidson, Director, Center For Sustainable Engineering; Thomas C. And Colleen L. Wilmot Professor Of Engineering, Syracuse Center Of Excellence In Environmental And Energy Systems And Department Of Civil And Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University "Truly, Human Well-Being And Public Health In The 21St Century May Hinge On Our Ability To Anticipate, Recognize, Evaluate, Control, And Confirm Responsible Management Of Air Pollution. This Timely, Informative, And Insightful Text Provides A Solid Introduction For Students And A Technically Sound Handbook For Professionals Seeking Literacy And Critical Thinking, Real-Life Examples, Understanding (Not Just Rote Applications), Opportunities For Continuous Improvement, And Modern Tools For Assessing And Managing Current And Evolving Air Pollution Challenges." - Mark D. Hoover, Phd, CHP, CIH Aerosol And Health Science Researcher, Author, And Editor

Conducting studies of natural and man-made air contaminants is a specialized research activity that draws upon skills from a variety of disciplines including toxicology, pharmacology, industrial hygiene, and environmental health. Methods in Inhalation Toxicology describes how knowledge from these disciplines is integrated into the design and conduct of inhalation studies. Each of the vital aspects of conducting these studies is discussed in detail, including the use of animal subjects and the related quality control and ethical considerations, air purification methodology, exposure atmosphere generation and characterization, inhalation exposure systems, and real-time and post-exposure biological assessments. These methods will enable you to conduct inhalation studies, easily adding any specific measures of particular interest to your research.
The book covers techniques needed to:
provide suitable clean air for experiments
correctly generate the particles and gases being studied
select the proper exposure system
monitor the exposure
prepare tissues for study
ensure that animals do not have confounding lung disease
The helpful descriptions and detailed lists of suppliers of preferred equipment and materials will help you to perform valid, reproducible inhalation toxicology studies. Methods in Inhalation Toxicology is a perfect textbook for students in toxicology programs, as well as for scientists who conduct inhalation studies in both academic and industrial environments.