While the idea of human rights and humanitarian assistance has ancient roots-evidence can be seen in such examples as the Ten Commandments, the Bhagavad Gita, and the teachings of Confucius and Socrates-it wasn't until the 1800s that the first modern humanitarian and human rights organizations came to be. The 19th century saw the beginning of the abolitionist movement, the forming of a variety of women's suffrage organizations, the formation and consolidation of national labor unions, and the founding of the Red Cross. This was followed by the inextricably intertwined story of war, persecution, violence, and the growth of human rights and humanitarian organizations in the 20th century. Bearing witness to some of the most horrific and blatant violations of human dignity, the 20th century also beheld the first sustained global efforts to promote human rights at the international level. The A to Z of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations follows major developments in the arena of human rights, including the emergence of terrorism and international responses to it; the establishment of an international criminal court; the evolution of regional human rights bodies in Africa, Europe, and Latin America; and the proliferation of new non-governmental organizations and foundations dedicated to the promotion of human rights. This is accomplished through a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, photographs, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries covering many of the key treaties, agreements, and definitions of human rights concepts; important humanitarian organizations, whether private, governmental, national, or international; and significant persons and events. This realistic assessment of the advances in protection of human rights and the major difficulties still facing them is an excellent tool for students, practitioners, and libraries.

Perfect for promoting student debate, and critical thinking, and ideal for use by Model UN clubs, this ready-reference guide provides information and critical examinations of the 50 most important issues debated in UN history. Since the inception of the UN in 1945, its member nations have hotly debated the most incendiary global political issues, from human rights and Cold War conflicts to many regional and local clashes, most recently in Kosovo. The 50 entries are organized in chronological order based on their first appearance on the UN agenda. Each entry consists of four narrative sections: the significance of the issue; the historical, social and economic background of the issue; the history of the UN debate and intervention on the issue and the positions of various nations; and the outcome of the debate. Each entry concludes with a list of suggested further reading. More than fifty photos accompany the text.

Among the issues debated are those of UN peacekeeping efforts around the globe; issues of concern to Third World countries; the nuclear arms race; regional conflicts in the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America; human rights; world population growth; the environment; laws of the sea; issues of food; the status of women; and racism. Cross-references will help the user to locate related topics. A timeline of events in the history of the UN, a bibliographic essay, a glossary, and a number of appendices including lists of UN world years, UN peacekeeping operations, Secretaries General of the UN and Presidents of the UN General Assembly add reference value to the work.

This expert study shows how refugee aid and development enterprises should be linked in order to truly help the 16 million refugees today, the tens of millions of displaced persons, and the hundreds of millions affected by the presence of uprooted people. Practitioners and scholars evaluate contemporary programs in Africa, Central America, and Asia. They analyze current theories and policies governing refugee aid and development operations. Students, teachers, and professionals concerned about growing welfare problems in the world will benefit from this overview and from the empirical and theoretical perspectives that are provided.

Over the course of two millennia, the Catholic Church has served as one of the key institutional influences on the development of political science. Papal writings on the social teachings of the Church and their application to the modern world reflect the important role the Church has played as a political evaluator and social critic of political ideas and realities and the concepts and methods through which we seek to understand them. Toward the Common Good critiques political science from a distinctly Catholic perspective. Essays in this work engage forthrightly with the origins and destiny of humanity and explore through a Catholic lens the natural inclination of human beings to aspire toward the attainment of the common good. This book examines how the subfields of political theory, comparative politics, American government, international relations, and public administration draw on foundational connections between moral and political philosophy and political science's natural affinities with history, law, anthropology, sociology, and theology. The contributors assess the quality of contemporary political analysis by applying the Catholic principles of the unity of knowledge and pursuit of truth to the traditional principles of justice, the common good, solidarity, and subsidiarity, all in direct contrast to the utilitarian, secularist, materialist, and relativist approaches that dominate political science today. The essays collected here address the question of method in the study of politics especially the confining effects of regnant behavioralism and offer in opposition a recovery of political philosophy, the natural law tradition, virtue ethics, and moral realism. Finally, each contributor suggests how the Catholic political scientist can draw upon the truths of the Catholic faith to enter into the study of politics and how that faith influences the kinds of questions and research a Catholic political scientist undertakes."

The Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations, Third Edition defines the core concepts of human rights and humanitarian law. It relates the major international legal agreements related to human rights and names the diverse intergovernmental organizations which are responsible for implementing and maintaining these legal declarations, charters, conventions, or treaties. It also names and describes the several international non-governmental organizations which lobby states and international organizations with respect to human rights, which carry out programs of humanitarian assistance or relief, and which have played such a significant role in the evolution of human rights and humanitarianism in the modern era. Finally, it features the names and biographical accounts of major figures in the history of human rights and humanitarianism, along with figures that are active today on these issues. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on human rights concepts, major pieces of international law on human rights and humanitarian issues, major intergovernmental bodies responsible for implementing international laws on human rights and humanitarian issues, major international non-governmental organizations whose work focuses on human rights and humanitarian issues, and the names of important historical and contemporary figures who have contributed to the establishment and progress of human rights and humanitarianism.. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Human Rights.

Private voluntary organizations have an increasingly important role to play in the provision of development assistance, either as alternative forms of resource flow or as channels of aid that are systematically integrated into the official intergovernmental aid system. This book explores the practical and theoretical aspects of PVOs, including the

Private voluntary organizations have an increasingly important role to play in the provision of development assistance, either as alternative forms of resource flow or as channels of aid that are systematically integrated into the official intergovernmental aid system.

For those who want to know more about organizations that provide assistance to refugees and disaster relief victims, the Dictionary is an ideal staring point. The timeline traces the history of refugee movements and disasters during the twentieth century. The introduction, taking a broader view, outlines the tumultuous history of refugee movements and disasters from early times to the present day while discussing the complications, challenges and coping strategies of the international community. The dictionary provides A-Z entries on both natural and man-made disasters, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, basic concepts, and people who have played a notable role. Also included is an extensive list of acronyms and abbreviations to sort out the various organizations. The bibliography directs readers to a plethora of books, articles, and government documents on the same topic. A must for the reference collection -community colleges, college, university and large public libraries.

This is a unique resource: Nothing is comparable with this much depth or numbers that covers so many 20th century events.??AAGreat Events from History: The Twentieth Century, 1941-1970??AA, is the ninth installment in Salem Press' ongoing ??AAGreat Events from History??AA series. This six-volume set contains 1,112 essays on more than 1,100 significant world events between 1941 and 1970.In this set, the mid-twentieth century receives worldwide coverage that prioritizes the needs of students at the high school and undergraduate levels. The events covered include the geopolitical events of the era - from World War II (1939-1945) and the Holocaust to the formation of the United Nations and the start of the Cold War in 1945, from the Korean War (1950-1953) to the war in Vietnam (1959-1975). Essays in this work also address important social and cultural developments in literature, the arts, music, law, and social and civil rights legislation.Among the many broad subjects receiving extensive coverage are: the emerging environmental movement and the growing awareness of pollution; Europe's changing political divisions and shifting alliances; global human rights struggles, including those of women, children, minority groups, and political refugees; the nuclear age; space exploration; postcolonial struggles and revolutionary political movements; dictatorships; and famine and natural disasters. This set also covers major advances in medicine, science, and technology, including those discoveries that brought fundamental changes to daily life beginning in the early 1940's.Medical scientists learned that DNA carries hereditary information and that its structure is in the form of a double-helix; they developed the polio vaccine and determined the structure of insulin and penicillin; and they advanced x-ray photography for medical purposes. Milestones were reached in computer technology, aviation, physics, astronomy, geology, and telecommunications.Essays are arranged chronologically and have an average length of 1,850 words (3-4 pages) and adhere to a uniform format. The ready reference top matter of every essay includes the most precise date, the name, type and location of each event, and key figures involved. The text of the essay is divided into four elements: ""Summary of Events"" gives a chronological description of the facts of the event. ""Significance"" assesses the event's historical impact. ""Further Reading"" provides an annotated list of sources for further study and ""See Also"" contains cross-references to other essays within the set.The front matter of each volume includes a section of historical maps and a keyword list of contents. An additional 84 maps, as well as 235 quotations from primary source documents, lists, and time lines accompany individual essays. Appendixes include a bibliography, list of URL's and websites, and a chronological list of entries.

Salem's definitive 20th century historical reference continues with this title.Salem Press' monumental ""Great Events from History"" series spans human history from ancient times to the present, worldwide. ""Great Events from History: The 20th Century, 1971-2000"", a six-volume set, provides extended coverage of 1,083 major events between 1971 and 2000.The period is extraordinarily important: The late twentieth century was a time of significant advances in science and technology. Space probes explored comets. Personal computers were born and quickly grew to change the way people all over the world work, play, and communicate. With the rise of the Internet, information of all kinds became available at the click of a button. In addition, advances in biotechnology were groundbreaking, producing the first genetically engineered vaccine, a map of the human genome, and the first successfully cloned mammal.Plus, the events covered include the curriculum-oriented geopolitical events of the era - from the end of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War in 1973 to the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Essays also address important social and cultural developments in daily life: major literary movements, significant developments in the arts and motion pictures, trends in world population and immigration, and landmark social legislation.The essays range in length from 3 to 5 pages and adhere to a uniform format. The ready-reference top matter of every essay displays the most precise date of the event, the common name, a summary paragraph, locale, category of the event, and the key people involved.The text of each essay is divided into four sections: ""Summary of Event"" gives a chronological description of the facts of the event. ""Significance"" assesses the event's historical impact, ""Further Reading"" provides a fully annotated list of sources for further study, and ""See Also"" offers extensive cross-references to other essays within the Great Events set.A ""Keyword List of Contents"" appears in the front matter to each volume. A section of historical maps also appears in the front matter, displaying world regions in the late twentieth century to assist readers in placing the events' locales. Accompanying the individual essays are an additional 85 maps; 240 quotations from primary source documents, lists, and time lines; and more than 500 photographs and other illustrations. In addition, several research aids appear at the end of Volume 6, including a bibliography, a chronological list of entries, and a listing of electronic resources. Four complete indexes (Geographical, Category, Personages, and Subject) round out this remarkable set.

The 20th Century is the eighth installment in the revised and expanded Great Lives series, which provides in-depth critical, biographical essays from around the world. This brand new, ten-volume set offers more than 1,300 extensive biographies of major personages in world history from 1901-2000. Each essay ranges from 3 to 5 pages in length and displays standard ready-reference top matter offering easy access biographical information. The body of each essay is divided into three major sections: "Early Life," "Life's Work," and "Significance." The set also includes several appendixes and indexes and a pronunication key.

Salem Press' monumental Great Events from History series spans human history from ancient times to the present, worldwide. The culminating sets in this series, three sets of six volumes each, detail the significant events during the twentieth century. Great Events from History: The 20th Century, 1971-2000, a six-volume set, provides extended coverage of 1,083 major events between 1971 and 2000.

The 20th Century is the eighth installment in the revised and expanded Great Lives series, which provides in-depth critical, biographical essays from around the world. This brand new, ten-volume set offers more than 1,300 extensive biographies of major personages in world history from 1901-2000. Each essay ranges from 3 to 5 pages in length and displays standard ready-reference top matter offering easy access biographical information. The body of each essay is divided into three major sections: "Early Life," "Life's Work," and "Significance." The set also includes several appendixes and indexes and a pronunication key.

Salem Press' monumental Great Events from History series spans human history from ancient times to the present, worldwide. The culminating sets in this series, three sets of six volumes each, detail the significant events during the twentieth century. Great Events from History: The 20th Century, 1971-2000, a six-volume set, provides extended coverage of 1,083 major events between 1971 and 2000.

Salem Press' monumental Great Events from History series spans human history from ancient times to the present, worldwide. The culminating sets in this series, three sets of six volumes each, detail the significant events during the twentieth century. Great Events from History: The 20th Century, 1971-2000, a six-volume set, provides extended coverage of 1,083 major events between 1971 and 2000.