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The Selous Game Reserve in southern Tanzania is Africa's oldest and
largest protected area. Proclaimed in 1896 and bigger than
Switzerland, the Selous is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Selous
remains one of Africa's largest and greatest undisturbed
ecosystems, teeming with life including one of the two largest
elephant populations remaining on the African continent, probably
half of all of the wild dogs in Africa, vast herds of buffalo as
well as more lions than any other protected area on the continent
as reported by National Geographic in August 2013. The game reserve
is becoming more important by the day as the pressure on elephants
and other species grows - problems that are addressed here in this
book. New York-born photographer Rob Ross has spent much of the
past four years photographing in this vast and difficult to access
reserve. He has compiled more than 100,000 images showing all
aspects of the reserves varied landscapes, seasons, flora and large
and small fauna.The spectacular large-format photography book
features a selection of the very best images including landscapes,
wildlife portraits and behaviour, night photography, impressionist
style work and breath-taking aerials.
The photographers of the New York City Police Department are
engaged in taking photos at the many demonstrations against the
Vietnam War. They encounter a group named the Weathermen. This
group is determined to end the war by acts of violence. The photo
unit has taken pictures of their work, which consists of explosions
at colleges and federal buildings. The weathermen decide to get the
police department involved in their bombings. Can they be stopped?
It will be decided by a member of the photo unit.
For 50 years the natural language interface has tempted and
challenged researchers and the public in equal measure. As advanced
domains such as robotic systems mature over the next ten years, the
need for effective language interfaces will become more significant
as the disparity between physical and language ability becomes more
evident. Natural language conversation with robots and other
situated systems will not only require a clear understanding of
theories of language use, models of spatial representation and
reasoning, and theories of intentional action and agency - but will
also require that all of these models be made accessible within
tractable dialogue processing frameworks. While such issues pose
research questions which are significant, particularly when we
consider them in the light of the many other challenges in language
processing and spatial theory, the benefits of competence in
situated dialogue to the fields of robotics, geographic information
systems, game design, and applied artificial intelligence cannot be
underestimated. This book examines the burgeoning field of Situated
Dialogue Systems and describes for the first time a complete
computational model of situated dialogue competence for practical
dialogue systems. The book can be broadly broken down into two
parts. The first three chapters examine on one hand the issues
which complicate the computational modelling of situated dialogue,
i.e., issues of agency and spatial language competence, and on the
other hand examines theories of dialogue modelling and management
with respect to the needs of the situated domain. The second part
of the book then details a situated dialogue processing
architecture. Novel features of this architecture include the
modular integration of an intentionality model alongside an
exchange-structure based organization of discourse, plus the use of
a functional contextualization process that operates over both
implicit and explicit content in user contributions. The
architecture is described at a course level, but in sufficient
detail for others to use as a starting point in their own
explorations of situated language intelligence.
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