This thesis describes the inception, design, and implementation of stereoselective desymmetrization reactions in the total synthesis of the natural products pactamycin and paspaline. In the case of pactamycin, the author develops a novel asymmetric Mannich reaction and symmetry-breaking reduction strategy to enable facile construction of the complex core architecture in fifteen steps using commercially available materials - the shortest synthesis to date. He subsequently demonstrates the flexibility of this approach in SAR investigations by highlighting the preparation of twenty-five unique pactamycin structural congeners. For paspaline, the author develops a biocatalytic desymmetrization strategy that allows the highly controlled synthesis of core stereochemistry and provides a platform for the development of new conceptual disconnections in the synthesis of "steroid-like" natural products. This thesis offers a valuable resource for students embarking on a PhD in total synthesis.

This thesis describes the inception, design, and implementation of stereoselective desymmetrization reactions in the total synthesis of the natural products pactamycin and paspaline. In the case of pactamycin, the author develops a novel asymmetric Mannich reaction and symmetry-breaking reduction strategy to enable facile construction of the complex core architecture in fifteen steps using commercially available materials - the shortest synthesis to date. He subsequently demonstrates the flexibility of this approach in SAR investigations by highlighting the preparation of twenty-five unique pactamycin structural congeners. For paspaline, the author develops a biocatalytic desymmetrization strategy that allows the highly controlled synthesis of core stereochemistry and provides a platform for the development of new conceptual disconnections in the synthesis of "steroid-like" natural products. This thesis offers a valuable resource for students embarking on a PhD in total synthesis.

On 18 October 1929, John Sankey, England's reform-minded Lord Chancellor, ruled in the Persons case that women were eligible for appointment to Canada's Senate. Initiated by Edmonton judge Emily Murphy and four other activist women, the Persons case challenged the exclusion of women from Canada's upper house and the idea that the meaning of the constitution could not change with time. The Persons Case considers the case in its political and social context and examines the lives of the key players: Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, and the other members of the "famous five," the politicians who opposed the appointment of women, the lawyers who argued the case, and the judges who decided it. Robert J. Sharpe and Patricia I. McMahon examine the Persons case as a pivotal moment in the struggle for women's rights and as one of the most important constitutional decisions in Canadian history. Lord Sankey's decision overruled the Supreme Court of Canada's judgment that the courts could not depart from the original intent of the framers of Canada's constitution in 1867. Describing the constitution as a "living tree," the decision led to a reassessment of the nature of the constitution itself. After the Persons case, it could no longer be viewed as fixed and unalterable, but had to be treated as a document that, in the words of Sankey, was in "a continuous process of evolution." The Persons Case is a comprehensive study of this important event, examining the case itself, the ruling of the Privy Council, and the profound affect that it had on women's rights and the constitutional history of Canada.