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EECOLLECTIONS OP MANILLA AND THE PHILIPPINES, DURINQ 1848, 1849, AND 1850. BY BOBEBT MAO KICKING, ESQ. LOKDON BICHAED BENTLEY, NEW BURUffOTON STREET, in rtrmari trr 1851. 1NTKODUCTION. THE Philippines, in many respects situated most advantageously for trade, having long been governed by a people whose notions of govern ment and political economy have never produced the happiest results in any of their once nu merous and important colonies, appear at last to be slowly reaping the benefit of the new commercial maxims now in course of operation in Spain, and show symptoms of progressing with increased speed in the march of civilization, encouraged by commerce. As such a state is always interesting, more especially to my country men, whose commercial and manufacturing wel fare is closely bound up with the rate at which IV INTRODUCTION. civilization advances in every part of the world, I have attempted to give some idea of the actual state and prospects of this valuable colony, as they appeared to me during a residence there in the three years 1848-9-50, with the double object of directing more attention to these islands than has hitherto been paid to them by our merchants and manufacturers, and of deriving some employ ment in doing so, during a tedious voyage from Singapore to Hongkong, when, being in a great measure debarred from personal activity, an interesting occupation was felt to be more than usually necessary to engage the mind. There are many imperfections in the execution of my task but for these the critical reader is requested to make some allowance, and entreated not to forget the inconveniences all landsmen are subjected to at sea. September, 185L RECOLLECTIONS MANILLA AM THEPHILIPPINES. CHAPTER I. ABOUT the time the Spanish arms under Hernan Cortez, Pizarro, and AJmagro, were meeting with their most splendid successes in America, the thought occurred to Hernando Magallanes, a Portuguese gentleman in the service of King Charles the Fifth of Spain, that if by sailing south he could pass the new Western World, it would be possible to reach the famous Spice Islands of the East, which he supposed to contain untold-of wealth in their bosoms. This vast, and, in the state of their knowledge at the 2 RECOLLECTIONS OF time, apparently hardy and even rash idea, met with approval by the King, who honoured Ma gaUanes with the distinguished military order of Santiago, and appointed him to the command of a squadron which he immediately set about fitting out to accomplish the project, with the view of conquering and annexing these islands to his crown. At length, when all the preparations were completed, on the 10th of August, 1519, six ships, no one of which exceeded 130 tons, and some of them being less than half that size, sailed from the port of San Lucau de Baxrameda on this bold and perilous enterprise. In the prosecution of their voyage, many ob stacles were encountered but everything disap peared before the ardour of their chief, who, dis covering, passed through the Straits of Magellan, which alone, immortalize his name, and spreading his sails to the gale, stood boldly with his squadron, now reduced to three crazy vessels, into the un known and vast ocean which lay open before him, with all the hardihood characteristic of his time, traversing in its utmost breadth the Pacific, with out, however, chancing to meet with any of the numerous islands now scatteredthroughout its MANILLA AND THE PHILIPPINES. extent. At last, the Marian or Ladrone Islands were descried on the 16th of August, 1521, and a few days afterwards a cape on the east coast of Mindanao was seen. Coasting along the shores of Caraga, the ships anchored off Limasna, where Magallanes was well received by the natives of the place from thence steering towards Cebu, he managed to establish a good understanding with the country people, although upwards of two thousand of them had assembled, armed with spears and javelins, to oppose his landing...