First published in 1993. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor and Francis, an informa company.

In "Changing States", Robert Welch examines the work of the major authors of modern Irish literature in the context of the transformation from Gaelic to 20th-century post-industrial culture. The force of Irish writing, uniting authors as various as Yeats, Heaney, Synge, Beckett, Joyce and Mairtin O' Cadhain, largely derives, Welch argues, from their need to respond to the challenges of this transformation. Writing against a sense of loss, their work is distinguished by certain key features: an intense awareness of the power of language; a provisionality in regard to character; a preoccupation with change and an obsession with the past and its meaning. Robert Welch draws attention to the crucial but often hidden aspects of modern Irish writing. He examines its flexibility; its scepticism; its concern with form; and ultimately the need for change, and the fear of it. He provides a unique in-depth study of individual authors in the context of cultural and linguistic developments, that should be of use to anyone interested in Irish life and literature or in language and translation.

The literature of Ireland displays an exceptional richness and diversity - whether in Irish or English, by native Irish and Anglo-Irish writers or by outsiders like Edmund Spenser whose works were deeply imbued with the country in which he lived and wrote. In over 2,000 entries, the Companion to Irish Literature surveys the Irish literary landscape across some sixteen centuries, describing its features and landmarks.

Entries range from ogam writing, developed in the 4th century, to the fiction, poetry, and drama of the l990s; and from Cú Chulainn to James Joyce. There are accounts of authors as early as Adomnán, 7th century Abbot of Iona, up to contemporary writers such as Roddy Doyle, Brian Friel, Seamus Heaney, and Edna O'Brien. Individual entries are provided for all major works, from Táin Bó Cuailnge - the Ulster saga reflecting the Celtic Iron Age - to Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent, Ó Cadhain's Cré na Cille, and Banville's The Book of Evidence.

The Companion also illuminates the historical contexts of these writers, and the events which sometimes directly inspired them - the Famine of 1845-8, which provided a theme for novelists, poets, and memoirists from William Carleton to Patrick Kavanagh and Peadar Ó Laoghaire; the founding of the Abbey Theatre and its impact on playwrights such as J. M. Synge and Padraic Colum; the Easter Rising that stirred Yeats to the `terrible beauty' of `Easter 1916'. It offers a wealth of information on general topics, ranging from the stage Irishman to Catholicism, Protestantism, the Irish language, and university education in Ireland; and on genres such as annals, bardic poetry, and folksong. The majority of entries include a succinct bibliography, and the volume also provides a chronology and maps.

A century ago this year, productions of W. B. Yeats's The Countess Cathleen and Edward Martyn's The Heather Field launched what was to become Ireland's National Theatre, named after its home in Abbey Street, Dublin. This is the first history of the Abbey Theatre to set the plays and the personalities in their historical and political context and to describe the theatre's artistic and financial development to the present day. Outstanding plays and persistent dramatic themes are discussed alongside the Abbey's people-not just the playwrights, poets, and actors who supply its dramatic life but also the directors and policy-makers whose struggle for financial security, subsidy, and new-style 'partnerships' form a crucial part of its story.

Major changes have recently taken place in the value attached to components of milk. Although approximately half the energy in milk is contained in fat, fat is rapidly decreasing in value relative to protein. This has come about because of the increased availability of competitively-priced, plant-derived edible oils and because of the perceived health problems associated with animal fat in the human diet. Such changes have major implications for the dairy sector, particularly in developed countries. Against this background, this book presents a timely review of developments in milk production and consumption, of changes in milk component values, and of the opportunities that biotechnology provides to alter the composition of and add value to milk on the farm. The subject coverage is very broad, ranging from nutritional aspects of pastures and forages, to rumen microbiology, genetics and reproductive technologies, milk biochemistry and environmental implications. It is based on a conference held in Wellington, New Zealand, in February 1996, and sponsored by the OECD and AgResearch. Contributors include leading research workers from North America, Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It provides an invaluable overview of the subject, suitable as a reference book for advanced students, researchers and advisers in dairy science as well as related disciplines such as grassland, nutritional and food sciences.

A century ago this year, productions of W. B. Yeats's The Countess Cathleen and Edward Martyn's The Heather Field launched what was to become Ireland's National Theatre, named after its home in Abbey Street, Dublin. This is the first history of the Abbey Theatre to set the plays and the personalities in their historical and political context and to describe the theatre's artistic and financial development to the present day. Outstanding plays and persistent dramatic themes are discussed alongside the Abbey's people - not just the playwrights, poets, and actors who supply its dramatic life but also the directors and policy-makers whose struggle for financial security, subsidy, and new-style 'partnerships' form a crucial part of its story.

The Supreme Court And Its Attack On American Liberties.

Article From American Opinion, October, 1961.

Through his researches into Irish folklore, legend and myth, Yeats was attempting to discover a specifically Irish imagination and to create a movement in literature enriched by, and rooted in, a vital native tradition This collection brings together all of Yeats's published prose writings on the subject, and for the first time these essays, introductions and sketches are presented chronologically, enabling the reader to perceive how Yeats's analysis develops, embracing ideas and visions of increasing psychological and philosophical complexity.