Currently, most health care systems cannot afford all possible health care technologies and thus face serious resource allocation decisions. Economic evaluation represents one important tool to support decision-makers tackle this issue. The economic evaluation of infectious diseases is typically trickier than comparable analysis of other diseases. This book initially analyzes the differences between economic evaluation of infectious and non-infectious diseases and subsequently presents methodological advances for conducting the former, using real world examples. Guidance, especially, on the use of dynamic versus static models; on the assessment of indirect costs and the transferability to study results from one country to another country is given.