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The 50-mile wide lagoon of Truk Atoll, far out in the remote
expanses of the Pacific, is quite simply the greatest wreck diving
location in the world. Scores of virtually intact Japanese WWII
wrecks of transport ships, still filled with cargoes of tanks,
trucks, artillery, beach mines, shells and aircraft, rest in the
crystal-clear waters of the lagoon - along with two Japanese
destroyers and one submarine - each today a man-made reef teeming
with sea life. The seemingly impregnable fortress islands of Truk
Atoll were a powerful air base and the main forward anchorage for
the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). By 1944, the Allies were pushing
westwards across the Pacific islands towards the Japanese homeland.
On 4 February 1944, a daring 2,000-mile long-range U.S.
reconnaissance flight revealed the Truk lagoon to be full of the
might of the Imperial Japanese Navy, along with scores of large
supply ships and transports. The Allies decided to attack
immediately. Sensing this, the Imperial Japanese Navy scattered,
but the merchant ships remained, as crews rushed to offload their
war cargoes of aircraft, tanks, artillery, mines and munitions.
Other heavily laden supply ships continued to arrive from Japan,
unaware of the Allied assault plans. Task Force 58, codename
Operation HAILSTONE, was formed for an immediate attack. In total
secrecy, nine U.S. aircraft carriers, holding more than 500 combat
aircraft, steamed towards Truk - supported by a screen of
battleships, cruisers, destroyers and submarines. At dawn on 17
February 1944, an initial fighter sweep of Truk by 72 F6F Hellcat
fighters roared in over Truk under Japanese radar - catching the
Japanese by complete surprise. The Hellcats immediately began
strafing Japanese airfields and soon hundreds of aircraft were
involved in one of the largest aerial dogfights of WW II. The F6F
Hellcat was by now vastly superior to the Japanese Zero fighter,
and the Japanese planes were shot out of the sky within an hour.
With air superiority established, U.S dive-bombers and
torpedo-bombers spent two days sinking all the large ships trapped
in the lagoon. These sunken ships, with their war cargoes, were
largely forgotten about until 1969, when Jacques Cousteau located
and filmed many of the wrecks. The resulting TV documentary, Lagoon
of Lost Ships, went viral. Truk's secret was out - and the
beautiful wrecks, untouched since WWII, have proved an irresistible
lure for thousands of divers each year since then. New
illustrations of most of the previously unillustrated wrecks have
now been specially created to make this book the most comprehensive
guide to diving Truk Lagoon that has ever been produced.
Into the Abyss, the first volume in The Diving Trilogy, is a
fascinating collection of true life diving adventures from Rod's
long and varied diving career. It follows his progression from
novice diver in the 1980s through the dangers of the deep air
diving era and on to trimix diving in the 1990s where divers began
to use commercial mixed breathing gases as the sport of technical
diving was born. This opened up vast, previously inaccessible,
swathes of the seabed, ushering in a great era of discovery of
virgin shipwrecks, lost in time. Rod takes the reader to famous
shipwreck sites around the world, from the sunken Japanese Fleet at
the bottom of Truk Lagoon and Palau in the Pacific, to diving the
third largest whirlpool in the world - the Corryvreckan Whirlpool
off the west coast of Scotland. He describes this and many other
terrifying incidents in which he and his colleagues have come close
to death. The book is filled with danger, drama and excitement and
chronicles his all-consuming passion, taking the reader on a
spellbinding journey beneath the waves.
In Deeper into the Darkness Rod takes the reader diving to explore
many more famous wrecks around the UK from the Great War. These
include HMS Pathfinder and HMS Audacious - the first British
battleship to be lost to enemy action in WWI. The wreck of HMS
Hampshire on which Lord Kitchener perished on a secret mission to
Russia in 1916 is visited along with HMS Vanguard, which blew up at
anchor in 1917 in Scapa Flow. The K-class submarines lost in the
Firth of Forth during the Battle of May Island in 1918 are dived,
along with UB-116, the last German submarine to be sunk in action
in October 1918. Rod then leaps forward in time to the Pacific
during WWII and visits the American shipwrecks from the Battle of
Guadalcanal, along with daring penetrations into the stunning
Japanese wrecks lying at the bottom of the Truk and Palau Lagoons.
The development of technical diving is brought up to the present
day where closed circuit rebreathers utilising mixed breathing
gases allow Rod to go deeper into the depths in search of lost
shipwrecks. The wreck of the SS Creemuir, torpedoed and sunk off
north-east Scotland in 1940, was first dived by Rod in 2012. This
exploration reveals the human side of shipwrecks when Rod's team
recover the Creemuir's bell and present it to the sole surviving
crewman, Royal Navy Radio Officer Noel Blacklock. The latest
developments in shipwreck exploration taking place at Scapa Flow
are recounted before the book concludes with the scandalous
desecration of the naval war graves of many nations at Jutland, the
South China Sea and the Java Sea.
Recounted with his usual level of meticulous historical research,
Rod weaves an easily readable account of the build-up to and
implementation of Operation Desecrate 1 - the raid undertaken to
destroy Japanese ships and aircraft in the lagoons of Palau. He
uses his intimate knowledge of shipwrecks to reveal in glorious
detail each of the 20 major Japanese WWII shipwrecks lying at the
bottom of the Palauan lagoons today. On 30th March, 1944 Grumman
F6F Hellcat fighters made an Initial fighter sweep of the lagoon to
destroy Japanese air cover. Simultaneously Grumman Avenger
torpedo-bombers dropped mines and successive group strikes of
torpedo bombers and dive-bombers sank the shipping and destroyed
the airfields. Palau was neutralised as a Japanese naval and air
base in a repeat of the same Task Force 58 raid, Operation
Hailstone, on Truk Lagoon 1,000 miles to the east just six weeks
earlier. A number of long-lost wrecks have recently been relocated
including a Japanese freighter filled with depth charges and Army
helmets. This was found in 1989 but remained unidentified until now
- after painstaking research Rod reveals her identify for the first
time in the book. Each wreck is covered in detail and is supported
by underwater photography and by fabulous illustrations by renowned
artist Rob Ward. The shipwrecks of Palau are now revealed.
Dive Scapa Flow has been THE definitive guide to diving the fabled
wrecks of Scapa Flow, one of the world's greatest wreck diving
locations. This completely re-written and updated centenary edition
is produced to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the scuttle
of the 74 warships of the interned German High Seas Fleet at Scapa
Flow on 21st June 1919 - the greatest act of maritime suicide the
world has ever seen. The dark depths of Scapa Flow conceal the
remains of several of the Kaiser's WWI High Seas Fleet. Three
massive 575 feet long 26,000-ton Konig-class battleships await
exploration - huge underwater mountains where divers can see the
last 12-inch big guns to have fired at British warships at the
Battle of Jutland in 1916; or drift along rows of 5.9-inch
secondary battery casemate guns and see massive masts and heavily
armoured spotting tops. Four 5,000-ton, 500 foot long, kleiner
kreuzers, Brummer, Coln, Dresden and Karlsruhe lie on their beam
ends open for inspection with parts that remained on the seabed of
many other High Seas Fleet vessels as they themselves were lifted
to the surface during the greatest feat of underwater salvage that
has ever taken place. Add in a U-boat, a boom defence vessel, an
Icelandic trawler, a number of drifters, WWII vessels, many
'blockships' intentionally sunk to block the smaller channels into
Scapa Flow during WWI and WWII and it becomes apparent what Scapa
Flow offers divers. Scapa Flow's war graves, HMS Royal Oak,
torpedoed at the beginning of WWII and HMS Vanguard, which blew up
in a catastrophic magazine explosion in 1917 and HMS Hampshire,
which struck a German mine and sunk on 5th June 1916 north-west of
Orkney carrying Lord Kitchener and his staff on a secret diplomatic
mission to Russia, are off limits to divers today - but their
stories are recounted to preserve the memory of those that
perished.
The first book to explore in detail the wrecks of these two vessels
from Force Z which in December 1941 was sent to defend Singapore.
It grippingly narrates the lead up to the siege of Singapore and
the battle far out at sea in which Force Z was decimated in the
Royal Navy's greatest loss in a single engagement. The force was
attacked by 85 Japanese torpedo bombers, with huge loss of life. It
was the first time a modern battleship had been sunk by air power
and the loss of Prince of Wales is seen as marking the end of the
era of the battleship. The wrecks are explored in detail with
illustrations of them on the seabed and underwater photographs.
The new breed of American fast aircraft carriers could make
thirty-three knots, and each carried almost 100 strike aircraft.
Brought together as Task Force 58, also known as the Fast Carrier
Task Force, this awesome armada at times comprised more than 100
ships carrying more than 100,000 men afloat. By 1945, more than
1,000-combat aircraft, fighters, dive- and torpedo-bombers could be
launched in under an hour. The fast carriers were a revolution in
naval warfare - it was a time when naval power moved away from the
big guns of the battleship to air power projected at sea.
Battleships were eventually subordinated to supporting and
protecting the fast carriers, of which, at its peak, Task Force 58
had a total of seventeen. This book covers the birth of naval
aviation, the appearance of the first modern carriers in the 1920s,
through to the famous surprise six-carrier _Kid? Butai_ Japanese
raid against Pearl Harbor on 8 December 1941 and then the early US
successes of 1942 at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway. The
fast carriers allowed America, in late 1942 and early 1943, to
finally move from bitter defence against the Japanese expansionist
onslaught, to mounting her own offensive to retake the Pacific.
Task Force 58 swept west and north from the Solomon Islands to the
Gilbert and Marshall Islands, neutralising Truk in Micronesia, and
Palau in the Caroline islands, before the vital Mariana Islands
operations, the Battle of Saipan, the first battle of the
Philippine Sea and the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The strikes by
Task Force 58 took Allied forces across the Pacific, to the
controversial Battle of Leyte Gulf and to Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
Task Force 58 had opened the door to the Japanese home islands
themselves - allowing US bombers to finally get close enough to
launch the devastating nuclear bombing raids on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki. Task Force 58 participated in virtually all the US Navy's
major battles in the Pacific theatre during the last two years of
the war. Having spent many years investigating naval shipwrecks
across the Pacific, many the result of the devastating
effectiveness of Task Force 58, diver and shipwreck author Rod
Macdonald has created the most detailed account to date of the fast
carrier strike force, the force that brought Japan to its knees and
brought the Second World War to its crashing conclusion.
From the best-selling author of four classic UK diving books, comes
The Darkness Below - a collection of absorbing adventures gained
from a lifetime in diving. As one of the UK's leading Technical
Divers, Rod takes the reader on a spellbinding and gripping
journey, from first beginnings as a novice scuba diver. Told in
intimate detail with a beguiling sense of self-deprecating humour,
he recounts epic dives on some of the most fabulous shipwrecks
around the world. Terrifying first explorations of virgin
shipwrecks far offshore, lost in time and enshrouded in darkness in
the silent depths, cram the pages. A daring expedition into the
heart of the feared Corryvreckan whirlpool, the third largest in
the world, an open sea encounter with Orca killer whales and an
agonizing attack of the bends keep the reader engrossed. The
palpable gloom, despair and human tragedy of the wrecks is never
far away - the cold and darkness of the depths almost resonating
with the cries of those who have perished. The fear of entrapment
inside a wreck is grippingly described and becomes almost
claustrophobic to the reader unfamiliar with the perils of wreck
penetration, when snagged nets sometimes billow unseen above the
unwary diver. However, there are rewards when survivors from wrecks
are keen to speak to someone who has seen and touched their ship
that had been lost long ago. This is an unmissable book for all
divers and anyone interested in maritime history.
Early on Sunday, 7 December 1941, Japanese carrier-borne aircraft
launched a surprise attack against the US Pacific Fleet based at
Pearl Harbor. It was a date that President Roosevelt declared will
live in infamy . During the strike, Japanese planes attacked the
seven US battleships lined up in Battleship Row - and the flag
battleship USS Pennsylvania, in drydock for overhaul. The
battleship USS Arizona exploded from a bomb hit at the forward
magazine killing 1,177 officers and men. On USS Oklahoma, 429 men
were killed - many trapped inside as the great battleship capsized
after aerial torpedo strikes. USS West Virginia, meanwhile, was hit
by at least seven torpedoes and several bombs, and engulfed in
flames; she settled onto the bottom on an even keel. USS California
was hit by a pair of torpedoes and a bomb, flooding slowly, she too
settled on the bottom. The other four battleships present were more
lightly damaged, with the crippled Nevada, the only battleship to
get underway during the attack, being successfully beached. By the
time the assault was over, eight battleships, three light cruisers,
three destroyers, a training ship and other smaller vessels had
been sunk or damaged. Hundreds of US aircraft had been damaged or
destroyed, whilst 2,403 Americans had been killed. Within a week of
the Japanese attack, a great salvage organisation had been formed.
Very quickly the lightly damaged battleships Pennsylvania, Maryland
and Tennessee had been repaired in naval yards and put back into
service to protect the west coast of the USA. Of the eight
battleships attacked, all but Arizona were raised, temporarily
patched-up and sent back to naval yards on the west coast of
America for final repair and modernisation. Main battery guns and
ordnance were recovered from the wrecked Arizona, which would then
be left to rest on the bottom of the harbour for eternity - as a
memorial to the events of that fateful December day. USS Nevada was
lifted off the bottom in February 1942, California in March 1942
and West Virginia in June 1942. The capsized Oklahoma, whilst
eventually parbuckled and raised, was found to be too badly damaged
to be fully rebuilt. Six of the eight battleships would thus return
to service, with improved protection against bombs and torpedoes
and being fitted with the latest anti-aircraft and gunnery systems.
They would re-enter to the war to wreak a terrible revenge - making
their presence felt during the reconquest of the Aleutian Islands
and the Philippines, and the great battles of Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima
and Okinawa. Nevada would go on Atlantic convoy duty before
bombarding German positions off Utah beach as the D-Day Normandy
landings began. This is the story of those six.
For more than 30 years, internationally acclaimed wreck diver and
best-selling author, Rod Macdonald, has surveyed and researched
shipwrecks around the world. His books such as Dive Scapa Flow and
The Darkness Below are household names in the diving world. In
Great British Shipwrecks Rod uses his encyclopaedic knowledge and
an intimate understanding of shipwrecks, gleaned from a lifetime's
diving, to provide a snapshot in time of some of the best known and
most revered shipwrecks around the UK. For each of the 37
shipwrecks covered Rod provides a dramatic account of its time
afloat and its eventual sinking - with each wreck being beautifully
illustrated by renowned marine artist Rob Ward. Rod's journey
around the UK starts with the classic recreational diving
shipwrecks at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands from giants such as
the German WWI battleships, Markgraf, Konig and Kronprinz Wilhelm,
to the legendary WWI British cruiser HMS Hampshire on which Lord
Kitchener perished on a voyage to Russia in 1916. Rod then travels
to the English Channel where he covers such famous ships as the
P&O liners Moldavia and Salsette which were lost during WWI
with many others such as the SS Kyarra and the British submarine
HMS/M M2 - the first submarine to carry a seaplane for
reconnaissance. The reader is then taken to the North Channel of
the Irish Sea where the famous technical diving wrecks of the White
Star liner Justicia, HMS Audacious, the first British battleship
lost during WWI, and the SS Empire Heritage, which was lost with
its deck cargo of Sherman tanks on a voyage from New York during
WWII, are beautifully illustrated. Returning to Scotland, the
famous West Coast shipwrecks such as the Thesis, Hispania, Rondo
and Shuna in the Sound of Mull grace the pages, in addition to the
renowned wrecks of the SS Breda, lost near Oban, and the WWII
minelayer HMS Port Napier off Skye. Lastly, Rod covers some major
North Sea shipwrecks, revealing for the first time the haunting
remains of HMS Pathfinder, the first Royal Navy warship to be sunk
by U-boat torpedo during WWI. This is a beautifully illustrated and
definitive guide to the greatest shipwrecks around the UK and will
be an enlightening and unmissable book for many.
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