The book is intended as a textbook providing a deliberately simple introduction to finite element methods in a way that should be readily understandable to engineers, both students and practicing professionals. Only the very simplest elements are considered, mainly two-dimensional three-noded constant strain triangles, with simple linear variation of the relevant variables. Chapters of the book deal with structural problems (beams), classification of a broad range of engineering into harmonic and biharmonic types, finite element analysis of harmonic problems, finite element analysis of biharmonic problems (plane stress and plane strain). Full FORTRAN programs are listed and explained in detail, and a range of practical problems solved in the text. Despite being somewhat unfashionable for general programming purposes, the FORTRAN language remains very widely used in engineering. The programs listed, which were originally developed for use on mainframe computers, have been thoroughly updated for use on desktops and laptops. Unlike the first edition, the new edition has Problems (with Solutions) at the end of each chapter. Electronic copies of the programs should be freely available for download from the internet.

Contents - Preface - Notation - 1 Introduction - 1.1 Polymeric Materials - 1.2 Polymer Processing - 1.3 Analysis of Polymer Processes - 1.4 Scope of the Book - 2 Introduction to the Main Polymer Processes - 2.1 Screw Extrusion - 2.2 Injection Moulding - 2.3 Blow Moulding - 2.4 Calendering - 2.5 Other Processes - 2.6 Effects of Processing - 3 Processing Properties of Polymers - 3.1 Melting and Thermal Properties of Polymers - 3.2 Viscous Properties of Polymer Melts - 3.3 Methods of Measuring Melt Viscosities - 3.4 Elastic Properties of Polymer Melts - 3.5 Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Melt Properties - 3.6 Processing Properties of Solid Polymers - 4 Fundamentals of Polymer Melt Flow - 4.1 Tensor Notation - 4.2 Continuum Mechanics Equations - 4.3 Constitutive Equations - 4.4 Boundary Conditions - 4.5 Dimensional Analysis of Melt Flows - 4.6 The Lubrication Approximation - 4.7 Mixing in Melt Flows - 5 Some Melt Flow Processes - 5.1 Some Simple Extrusion Dies - 5.2 Narrow Channel Flows in Dies and Crossheads - 5.3 Applications to Die Design - 5.4 Calendering - 5.5 Melt Flow in an Intensely Sheared Thin Film - 6 Screw Extrusion - 6.1 Melt Flow in Screw Extruders - 6.2 Solids Conveying in Extruders - 6.3 Melting in Extruders - 6.4 Power Consumption in Extruders - 6.5 Mixing in Extruders - 6.6 Surging in Extruders - 6.7 Over-all Performance and Design of Extruders - 7 Injection Moulding - 7.1 Reciprocating Screw Plastication - 7.2 Melt Flow in Injection Nozzles - 7.3 Flow and Heat Transfer in Moulds - Appendix A Finite Element Analysis of Narrow Channel Flow - Appendix B Solution of the Screw Channel Developing Melt Flow Equations - Appendix C Solution of the Melting Model Equations - Further Reading - Index -

A popular text in its first edition, Mechanics of Solids and Structures serves as a course text for the senior/graduate (fourth or fifth year) courses/modules in the mechanics of solid/advanced strength of materials, offered in aerospace, civil, engineering science, and mechanical engineering departments. Now, Mechanics of Solid and Structure, Second Edition presents the latest developments in computational methods that have revolutionized the field, while retaining all of the basic principles and foundational information needed for mastering advanced engineering mechanics.

Key changes to the second edition include full-color illustrations throughout, web-based computational material, and the addition of a new chapter on the energy methods of structural mechanics. Using authoritative, yet accessible language, the authors explain the construction of expressions for both total potential energy and complementary potential energy associated with structures. They explore how the principles of minimal total potential energy and complementary energy provide the means to obtain governing equations of the structure, as well as a means to determine point forces and displacements with ease using Castigliano s Theorems I and II. The material presented in this chapter also provides a deeper understanding of the finite element method, the most popular method for solving structural mechanics problems.

Integrating computer techniques and programs into the body of the text, all chapters offer exercise problems for further understanding. Several appendices provide examples, answers to select problems, and opportunities for investigation into complementary topics. Listings of computer programs discussed are available on the CRC Press website.