This text on the electrical, optical, magnetic, and thermal properties of materials stresses concepts rather than mathematical formalism. Suitable for advanced undergraduates, it is intended for materials and electrical engineers who want to gain a fundamental understanding of alloys, semiconductor devices, lasers, magnetic materials, and so forth. The book is organized to be used in a one-semester course; to that end each section of applications, after the introduction to the fundamentals of electron theory, can be read independently of the others. Many examples from engineering practice serve to provide an understanding of common devices and methods. Among the modern applications covered are: high-temperature superconductors, optoelectronic materials, semiconductor device fabrication, xerography, magneto-optic memories, and amorphous ferromagnetics. The fourth edition has been revised and updated with an emphasis on the applications sections, which now cover devices of the next generation of electronics.

This introduction to materials science for engineers examines not only the physical and engineering properies of materials, but also their history, uses, development, and some of the implications of resource depletion, materials substitutions, and so forth. Topics covered include: the stone, copper, bronze, and iron ages; physical properties of metals, ceramics, and plastics; electrical and magnetic properties of metals, semiconductors, and insulators; band structure of metals; metallurgy of iron. This new edition includes new developments in the last five years, updated graphs and other dated information and references.

This text on the electrical, optical, magnetic, and thermal properties of materials stresses concepts rather than mathematical formalism. Suitable for advanced undergraduates, it is intended for materials and electrical engineers who want to gain a fundamental understanding of alloys, semiconductor devices, lasers, magnetic materials, and so forth. The book is organized to be used in a one-semester course; to that end each section of applications, after the introduction to the fundamentals of electron theory, can be read independently of the others. Many examples from engineering practice serve to provide an understanding of common devices and methods. Among the modern applications covered are: high-temperature superconductors, optoelectronic materials, semiconductor device fabrication, xerography, magneto-optic memories, and amorphous ferromagnetics. The fourth edition has been revised and updated with an emphasis on the applications sections, which now cover devices of the next generation of electronics.

IV theoretisehen V orstellungen, die sieh aus der Messung der elektrisehen Eigensehaften ergeben. Zweifellos wird es lohnend sein, sieh mit ihnen intensiver zu besehiiftigen, als dies bisher gesehehen ist. w. Koster Fur kritisehe Durehsieht des Manuskdpts odeI' Hilfe beim Lesen del' Korrekturen moehte ieh folgenden Personliehkeiten danken: Herrn Professor Dr. J. C. SLATER, Herrn Professor Dr. J. KRONSBEIN, Herrn Professor H. SEITZ und meiner Frau. Besonderen Dank bin ieh meinem lVIitarbeiter, Herrn J. ALFARO HOLBROOK, fur zahlreiehe Diskussionen und Herrn Professor Dr. W. KOSTER fUr se n forderndes Interesse sehuldig. 1m Friihjahr 1971 R. E. Hummel Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 2 Definition der optischen Konstanten 5 2.1 Brechungsindex n ...................... . 5 2.2 Absorptionskonstante k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . 2.3 Extinktionskonstante K, mittlere Reichweite des Lichtes W und Tiefe der Skinschicht a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11 2.4 Reflexionsyermogen r und Absorptionsvermogen a 3 KontinuUJllstheorie der optischen Konstanten 13 13 3.1 Allgemeine Bemerkungen 3.2 Hagen-Rubens-Beziehung 13 3.3 Absorption ..... . 14 4 Atomistische Behandlung der optischen Konstanten 16 4.1 Dberblick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . 4.2 Freie Elektronen ohne Dampfung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . 4.3 Freie Elektronen mit Dampfung (Klassische Elektronentheorie der Metalle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.3.1 Berechnung der Drudeschen Formeln ...... . 22 4.3.2 Effektive Gleichstromleitfahigkeit und effektive Masse 26 4.3.3 Relaxationszeit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.4 Diskussion cler Drudeschen Formeln fiir verschiedene Frequenzgebiete . 29 29 4.4.1 Kleine Frequenzen .................... . 4.4.2 Hohe Frequenzen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 . . . . 4.4.3 Absorption im UV, sichtbaren und nahen ultraroten Freque- gebiet ..... . 30 4.4.4 Polarisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . .