The soft cover study edition now available is a revised reprint of the successful first edition of 1988. It collects invited presentations of an Advanced Research Workshop on "Neural Computers," held in Neuss, Federal Republic of Germany, September 28 - October 2, 1987. The objectives of the workshop were - to promote international collaboration among scientists from the fields of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Cellular Automata, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer Design; and - to review our present knowledge of brain research and novel computers with neural network architecture. The workshop assembled some fifty invited experts from Europe, America and Japan representing the relevant fields. The book describes the transfer of concepts of brain function and brain architecture to the design of self-organizing computers with neural network architecture. The contributions cover a wide range of topics, including Neural Network Architecture, Learning and Memory, Fault Tolerance, Pattern Recognition, and Motor Control in Brains Versus Neural Computers. Twelve of the contributions are review papers. In addition, group reports summarize the discussions regarding four specific topics relevant to the state of the art in neural computers. With its extensive reference list as well as its subject and name indexes this volume will serve as a reference book for future research in the field of Neural Computers.