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This cohesive set of case studies collects scholarly research,
policy evaluation, and field experience to explain how terrorist
groups have developed into criminal enterprises. Terrorist groups
have evolved from orthodox global insurgents funded by rogue
sponsors into nimble and profitable transnational criminal
enterprises whose motivations are not always evident. This volume
seeks to explain how and why terrorist groups are often now
criminal enterprises through 12 case studies of terrorist criminal
enterprises written by authors who have derived their expertise on
terrorism and/or organized crime from diverse sources. Terrorist
groups have been chosen from different regions to provide the
global coverage. Chapters describe and analyze the actors, actions,
problems, and collaborations of specific terrorist criminal
enterprises. Other elements discussed include links to such
facilitating conditions as political culture, corruption, history,
economy, and issues of governance. This work advances scholarship
in the field of counterterrorism by expanding the understanding of
these terrorist groups as entities not driven purely by ideology
but rather by the criminal enterprises with which they often
coincide. Provides a global comparison of major terrorist groups
and their engagement in organized crime Provides in-depth analysis
of regional terrorist and criminal groups Incorporates authors'
expertise on regional terrorist groups and organized crime
Acknowledges a variety of opinions and perspectives
Iran is one of the United Statesa most important foreign policy
concerns. It
has also been an extraordinarily difficult country with which to
engage.
Ironically, while the leadership has been hostile to the United
States,
Iranian society has evolved in ways friendly to the United States
and U.S.
interests. This book assesses current political, ethnic,
demographic,
and economic trends and vulnerabilities in Iran. For example, the
numbers of
young people entering the Iranian labor force are at an all-time
high. The
authors then provide recommendations for U.S. policies that might
foster
trends beneficial to U.S. interests. For example, greater use of
markets and
a more-vibrant private sector would contribute to the development
of sources
of political power independent from the current regime. The authors
finally
note a need for patience. Even if favorable trends take root, it
will take
time for them to come to fruition.
Key to developing national security strategy is figuring out what
other countries want. What are their national interests? How do
they perceive them? How do they project them onto the world stage?
Understanding all of this helps us to predict their behavior. In
developing a national security strategy for Asia, the United States
must take into account the desires of two emerging giants of the
21st century: China and India. We would be mistaken, Lal argues, if
we lumped China and India together in one Asian policy, because
these two countries differ greatly from one another. Based on over
120 in-depth interviews with government officials and scholars in
Beijing and New Delhi, the author's research yields some surprising
news about the differences between China and India. Chinese leaders
define their national interest as preservation of the state and
territorial unity, whereas Indian decision makers define their
national interests in relation to forces beyond India, such as the
forces of globalization and their geopolitical status. One factor
that accounts for these differences, among the many explored in
this book, is the influence of one-party rule in China and
parliamentary democracy in India. Another important finding is that
China and India are unlikely to pursue hostility with each other.
The U.S. approach to Asia will need to take these differences into
account.
China, Iran, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan are critical players
in the security and economic issues that will determine the future
of Central Asia and affect U.S. interests in the region. By
assessing the developing relations between Central Asia and its
neighbors, it is evident that each country stands to benefit from
stability and economic growth in Central Asia, but opinion toward
U.S. presence and policy in the region could be a point of
conflict.
Highlights key factors in South Asia imperiling U.S. interests, and
suggests how and where the U.S. military might play an expanded,
influential role. It suggests steps the military might take to
better advance and defend U.S. interests in the area. This
monograph highlights key factors in South Asia imperiling U.S.
interests, and suggests how and where the U.S. military might play
an expanded, influential role. It suggests seven steps the military
might take to better advance and defend U.S. interests in South
Asia, the Middle East, and Asia at large. Washington should
intensify involvement in South Asia and become more influential
with the governments there. Given the area's potential for
violence, it should also shape part of the U.S. military to meet
potential crises.
Momentous events since September 11, 2001 - the 9/11 terrorist
attacks, Operation Enduring Freedom, the global war on terrorism,
and the recent war in Iraq - have dramatically altered the
political environment of the Muslim world, its attitudes and
relations toward the West, and vice versa. Many dynamic forces
influencing this environment, however, are the products of trends
that have been at work for many decades. This new book examines the
major dynamics driving changes in the religio-political landscape
of the Muslim world - a vast and diverse region that stretches from
Western Africa through the Middle East to the Southern Philippines
and includes Muslim communities and diasporas throughout the world
- as well as the implications of these trends for global security
and Western interests. The world's Muslims encompass a broad
religious universe and differ in their political and social
orientation. This volume first presents a typology of ideological
tendencies in the different regions of the Muslim world, along a
spectrum of views toward democracy and violence. Second, it
identifies the factors that produce religious extremism and
violence. Third, it assesses key cleavages and f
This title presents a nearly 50-year review of U.S. efforts to
transform defeated and broken enemies into democratic and
prosperous allies.
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