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Solving challenging computational problems involving time has been
a critical component in the development of artificial intelligence
systems almost since the inception of the field. This book provides
a concise introduction to the core computational elements of
temporal reasoning for use in AI systems for planning and
scheduling, as well as systems that extract temporal information
from data. It presents a survey of temporal frameworks based on
constraints, both qualitative and quantitative, as well as of major
temporal consistency techniques. The book also introduces the
reader to more recent extensions to the core model that allow AI
systems to explicitly represent temporal preferences and temporal
uncertainty. This book is intended for students and researchers
interested in constraint-based temporal reasoning. It provides a
self-contained guide to the different representations of time, as
well as examples of recent applications of time in AI systems.
The 2nd International Conference on Integration of AI and OR
Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization
Problems (CPAIOR2005)washeldinPrague, CzechRepublic,
duringMay31-June1,2005. The conference is intended primarily as a
forum to focus on the integration and hybridization of the
approaches of constraint programming (CP), arti?cial intelligence
(AI), and operations research (OR) technologies for solving
large-scale and complex real-life optimization problems. Therefore,
CPAIOR is never far from industrial applications. The high number
of submissions received this year, almost 100 papers, in witness to
the interest of the research community in this conference. From
these submissions, we chose 26 to be published in full in the
proceedings. This volume includes summaries of the invited talks of
CPAIOR: one from industry, one from the embedded system research
community, and one from the operations research community. The
invited speakers were: Filippo Focacci from ILOGS.A., France,
oneoftheleadingcompaniesinthe?eld;PaulPop, professor in the
Embedded Systems Lab in the Computer and Information Science -
partment, Link] oping University; and Paul Williams, full professor
of Operations Research at the London School of Economics. The day
before CPAIOR, a Master Class was organized by Gilles Pesant, where
leading researchers gave introductory and overview talks in the
area of metaheuristics and constraint programming. The Master Class
was intended for PhD students, researchers, and practitioners. We
are very grateful to Gilles who brought this excellent program
together. For conference publicity we warmly thank Willem Jan van
Hoeve and Petr Vil ?m who did a great job with the high number of
submissions received
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