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This historical monograph is one of a series of active duty and
Reserve regimental histories. The narrative highlights the
significant activities of the 14th Marines and offers a general
history of the Marine Corps activities in which it participated.
This monograph tells the story of more than 3,600 U.S. Marines who
supported Operation Provide Comfort, an international relief effort
in northern Iraq from 7 April to 15 July 1991. The author presents
historical glimpses of the Kurds, modern Iraq, and non-marine
activities in order to provide background information. This work is
one of a series about U.S. Marine operations in the Persian Gulf.
This official U.S. Marine Corps history provides unique information
about important aspects of the Korean War, with material on the 1st
Marine Division, Lt. General Matthew Bunker Ridgway, Truman fires
MacArthur, medical helicopter evacuation, and the 1st Marine
Aircraft Wing 1951.
This monograph tells the story of more than 3,600 U.S. Marines who
supported Operation Provide Comfort, an international relief effort
in northern Iraq from 7 April to 15 July 1991. The author presents
historical glimpses of the Kurds, modern Iraq, and non-marine
activities in order to provide background information. This work is
one of a series about U.S. Marine operations in the Persian Gulf.
On Sunday, 25 June 1950, Communist North Korea unexpectedly invaded
its southern neighbor, the American-backed Republic of Korea (ROK).
The poorly equipped ROK Army was no match for the well prepared
North Korean People's Army (NKPA) whose armored spearheads quickly
thrust across the 38th Parallel. The stunned world helplessly
looked on as the out-numbered and outgunned South Koreans were
quickly routed. With the fall of the capital city of Seoul
imminent, President Harry S. Truman ordered General of the Army
Douglas MacArthur, Commander in Chief, Far East, in Tokyo, to
immediately pull all American nationals in South Korea out of
harm's way. During the course of the resultant noncombatant
evacuation operations an unmanned American transport plane was
destroyed on the ground and a flight of U.S. Air Force aircraft
were buzzed by a North Korean Air Force plane over the Yellow Sea
without any shots being fired. On 27 July, an American combat air
patrol protecting Kimpo Airfield near the South Korean capital
actively engaged menacing North Korean planes and promptly downed
three of the five Soviet-built Yak fighters. Soon thereafter
American military forces operating under the auspices of the United
Nations Command (UNC) were committed to thwart a Communist takeover
of South Korea. Thus, only four years and nine months after V-J Day
marked the end of World War II, the United States was once again
involved in a shooting war in Asia.
This monograph presents a preliminary account of operations by the
embarked Marine units under the operational control of the
Commander, Naval Forces, Central Command, in the Persian Gulf from
August 1990 to May 1991. It tells the story of the 4th and 5th
Marine Expeditionary Brigades (MEBs) and the 13th and 11th Marine
Expeditionary Units (MEUs) which comprised the Marine Forces Afloat
during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. The term "Marine
Forces Afloat" was chosen carefully because although each of these
units served in the same theater of operations, they remained
separate entities capable of rapidly integrating into a single
force or breaking away to conduct independent operations as the
situation required. The Marine Forces Afloat came into existence
early in Operation Desert Shield when the seaborne 4th MEB joined
the forward-deployed 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special
Operations Capable) in the North Arabian Sea in mid-September.
These Marines were later joined by the 5th Marine Expeditionary
Brigade during what would eventually become the longest continuous
shipboard deployment by a brigade-sized force in Marine Corps
history. For those Marines, the major events of Desert Shield were
a series of large amphibious exercises, maritime interdiction
operations, and a daring evacuation of the American Embassy at
Mogadishu, Somalia. During Operation Desert Storm the U.S.
amphibious threat created a strategic distraction that kept Saddam
Hussein's attention focused away from the main attack; Marine
Aircraft Group 40 flew the first-ever fixed-wing combat strike off
an amphibious assault ship; the 13th MEU made two landings; the 4th
MEB conducted amphibious demonstrations off the coast of Kuwait;
and the 5th MEB participated in ground combat ashore. On its way
home the 5th MEB joined Operation Sea Angel, the international
humanitarian effort to assist Bangladesh in dealing with the
devastation of Cyclone Marian. This work is one in a series of
monographs written by members of Mobilization Training Unit
(Historical) DC-7 who deployed to the Persian Gulf. The MTU is a
Reserve unit composed of artists, historians, and museum
specialists who support the activities of the History and Museums
Division in peacetime and stand ready to deploy at a moment's
notice in times of crisis. Members of the MTU have covered
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm (Persian Gulf), Provide
Comfort (Northern Iraq), Restore Hope (Somalia), Restore Democracy
(Haiti), and Deny Flight (Bosnia).
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