The idea of the Arctic Ocean as a mediterranean sea is a shock to those of us-and that includes most of us-who cannot shake ourselves free of the Mercatorean vision. Yet this theme is repeated by many of the eminent ocntributors to this volume: as Michael Marsden states, "IT is difficult to impress upon the public and industry at large that the most essential quality of the Arctic is not cold, or gold, or polar bears, but a central position in the world community." This book, then, is about the North as a frontier, and about Canada's relations with the world beyond that frontier. It is about the Arctic community of which Canada is one of the major members, along with the Soviet Union, the United States, Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. It is also an exercise in perspective. Canadians have long been aware of the significance of their Atlantic and Pacific frontiers and of the implications of their Southern frontier. This volume points out that Canada is not a three-sided country. While it does not neglect the military importance of the Arctic, it endeavours to widen the scope of interest. But it does not present the familiar arguments about the surpassing importance of the Arctic. It deflates as well as inflates. Its purpose is to assess as precisely as possible the implications of the Arctic frontier, not to induce either visions or nightmares. It is intended not only for Canadians but for all those who are interested in the polar regions or in the shape of the world at large. The papers in this volume were assembled in collaboration by the Canadian Institute of International Affairs and the Arctic Institute of North America.

This co-operative venture by thirty-eight leading Canadian lawyers, jurists, and scholars is the first published survey on a major scale to cover nearly all aspects of Canadian relations with international organization. In recent years active Canadian involvement in controversies exercising major intergovernmental organizations and raising complex questions of international law has burgeoned to the point that Canada's role often far exceeds what might normally be expected of a middle power with a limited population. In some cases Canada has taken a leading part comparable to the major powers. This Canadian activity, variously applauded as creative or rejected as dangerous, is reviewed and assessed in these pages. More than a factual recitation of events, this volume attempts to explain why the Candian approach developed as it did and what factors, or patterns, are exerting perceivable influences on the prsent shaping of policy. Unusual in the vast scopt of the subject matter, the work covers such topics as: the constitution and functioning of international organizations; this relations of individuals and corporations with states other than those of which they are nationals; multinational corporations; control of the extraterritorial activities of individuals and corporations; pollution of the air, the fresh waters, and the ocean; the sea bed, the continental shelf, and the conservation of the fisheries. This volume is impressive recognition of the work done by Canadian lawyers in contributing during recent years to questions of jurisprudence among the nations of the world.