Prosopis is an intriguing genus of flowering plants found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia. Although some invasive Prosopis species cause economic and environmental damage, others offer a wide range of benefits, including the use of some Prosopis species for human and animal food which has provided valuable resources for some of the poorest communities. This seven chapter book is based around a discussion of experts' points-of-views and aims at updating scientific advances on the Prosopis species around important themes such as ecosystems, pollution, public health, veterinary medicine, greenhouse effects, feed additives, neurotoxicity, cancer and allergies. Reading the chapters will help the reader become more aware of the growing relevance, importance and impact of Prosopis species worldwide and it certainly will surprise and instigate the reader to seek an even more awakened look at the most different possibilities for applying Prosopis species in new strategies and technologies for a better world.