Social policy in modern industrialised societies is increasingly challenged by new social risks. These include insecure employment resulting from ever more volatile labour markets, new family and gender relationships resulting from the growing participation of women in the labour market, and the many problems resulting from very much longer human life expectancy. Whereas once social policy had to be in step with a standardised, relatively stable and predictable life course, it now has to cope with non-standardised individual preferences, life courses and families, and the consequent increased risks and uncertainties. This book examines these new life courses and their impact on social policy across a range of East Asian societies. It shows how governments and social welfare institutions have been slow to respond to the new challenges. In response, we propose a life-course sensitised policy as an approach to manage these risks. Overall, the book provides many new insights which will assist advance social policy in East Asia.

Social policy in modern industrialised societies is increasingly challenged by new social risks. These include insecure employment resulting from ever more volatile labour markets, new family and gender relationships resulting from the growing participation of women in the labour market, and the many problems resulting from very much longer human life expectancy. Whereas once social policy had to be in step with a standardised, relatively stable and predictable life course, it now has to cope with non-standardised individual preferences, life courses and families, and the consequent increased risks and uncertainties. This book examines these new life courses and their impact on social policy across a range of East Asian societies. It shows how governments and social welfare institutions have been slow to respond to the new challenges. In response, we propose a life-course sensitised policy as an approach to manage these risks. Overall, the book provides many new insights which will assist advance social policy in East Asia.

This is a study of higher education in the world's four largest developing economies--Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Already important players globally, by mid-century, they are likely to be economic powerhouses. But whether they reach that level of development will depend in part on how successfully they create quality higher education that puts their labor forces at the cutting edge of the information society.
Using an empirical, comparative approach, this book develops a broad picture of the higher education system in each country in the context of both global and local forces. The authors offer insights into how differing socioeconomic and historic patterns of change and political contexts influence developments in higher education. In asking why each state takes the approach that it does, this work situates a discussion of university expansion and quality in the context of governments' educational policies and reflects on the larger struggles over social goals and the distribution of national resources.

This collection provides a comparative analysis of care arrangements in relation to issues of gender and transnational migration, social policy and labour migration in East Asia. Bridging the key topics of migration and gendered cared work through cross country comparisons, it examines how care work and welfare arrangements have been shaped by national and global forces against the backdrop of changing gender relationships, the rise of female labour force participation, low fertility rates and population aging in East Asia. It particularly addresses the 'feminization of migration' which is a salient feature of migration in Asia today as more women from developing countries undertake domestic work and care work in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong. Addressing the issue of care in relation to employment, care and migration regimes in East Asia and the interaction among welfare regimes, labour markets and work-care balance, this collection provides an up-to-date assessment of gendered transnational migration in the region and sheds light on local and transnational policies and practices which aim to improve the welfare of families and migrant workers.

This book focuses on international relations in the Indian Ocean region and covers many policy aspects of Modi's India. Written by leading scholars of international and Indian Ocean studies, this annual report includes both a strategic review and the major events and related data in this region. It also discusses the origin, aims, frameworks and regional and global impact of India's development under the Modi administration, offering readers a full and authentic picture of the most recent developments in India. This year's Annual Report is the fourth of this kind and the only one to include the Indian Ocean region of China.

This collection provides a comparative analysis of care arrangements in relation to issues of gender and transnational migration, social policy and labour migration in East Asia. Bridging the key topics of migration and gendered cared work through cross country comparisons, it examines how care work and welfare arrangements have been shaped by national and global forces against the backdrop of changing gender relationships, the rise of female labour force participation, low fertility rates and population aging in East Asia. It particularly addresses the 'feminization of migration' which is a salient feature of migration in Asia today as more women from developing countries undertake domestic work and care work in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong. Addressing the issue of care in relation to employment, care and migration regimes in East Asia and the interaction among welfare regimes, labour markets and work-care balance, this collection provides an up-to-date assessment of gendered transnational migration in the region and sheds light on local and transnational policies and practices which aim to improve the welfare of families and migrant workers.

This book focuses on international relations in the Indian Ocean region and covers many policy aspects of Modi's India. Written by leading scholars of international and Indian Ocean studies, this annual report includes both a strategic review and the major events and related data in this region. It also discusses the origin, aims, frameworks and regional and global impact of India's development under the Modi administration, offering readers a full and authentic picture of the most recent developments in India. This year's Annual Report is the fourth of this kind and the only one to include the Indian Ocean region of China.

This book focuses on international relations in the Indian Ocean region and examines bilateral and multilateral relations in the Indo-Pacific region. Written by leading researchers in the fields of international studies and Indian Ocean studies, the report provides a strategic review, major events and related data in this region. It is divided into three major parts: the General Report examines new characteristics in the relations between great powers, the strategic landscape of South Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and strategic competition and multilateral relations in the Indo-Pacific region. The second part explores current bilateral relations: India-Myanmar, Sino-Myanmar, Sino-India, US-Myanmar, and Japan-Myanmar, while the third highlights issues such as Myanmar’s democratization, India and TPP. Despite the turmoil in this region, the report shows that it will predominantly be one characterized by peace, development and cooperation in the years to come. At the same time, it is vital that a new type of great power relations be established to ensure peace and prosperity in the Indian Ocean region. In closing, the report puts forward a number of suggestions for improving relations between China and Indian Ocean countries.

This thesis presents research focusing on the improvement of high-resolution global black carbon (BC) emission inventory and application in assessing the population exposure to ambient BC. A particular focus of the thesis is on the construction of a high-resolution (both spatial and sectorial) fuel consumption database, which is used to develop the emission inventory of black carbon. Above all, the author updates the global emission inventory of black carbon, a resource subsequently used to study the atmospheric transport of black carbon over Asia with the help of a high-resolution nested model. The thesis demonstrates that spatial bias in fuel consumption and BC emissions can be reduced by means of the sub-national disaggregation approach. Using the inventory and nested model, ambient BC concentrations can be better validated against observations. Lastly, it provides a complete uncertainty analysis of global black carbon emissions, and this uncertainty is taken into account in the atmospheric modeling, helping to better understand the role of black carbon in regional and global air pollution.

This book focuses on international relations in the Indian Ocean region and examines bilateral and multilateral relations in the Indo-Pacific region. Written by leading researchers in the fields of international studies and Indian Ocean studies, the report provides a strategic review, major events and related data in this region. It is divided into three major parts: the General Report examines new characteristics in the relations between great powers, the strategic landscape of South Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and strategic competition and multilateral relations in the Indo-Pacific region. The second part explores current bilateral relations: India-Myanmar, Sino-Myanmar, Sino-India, US-Myanmar, and Japan-Myanmar, while the third highlights issues such as Myanmar's democratization, India and TPP. Despite the turmoil in this region, the report shows that it will predominantly be one characterized by peace, development and cooperation in the years to come. At the same time, it is vital that a new type of great power relations be established to ensure peace and prosperity in the Indian Ocean region. In closing, the report puts forward a number of suggestions for improving relations between China and Indian Ocean countries.

As one of the largest families within the Caridea, the Alpheidae have attracted much attention for its species richness, especially on coral reefs. The Alpheidae are one of the most abundant decapods in tropical and subtropical areas, with 48 genera and more than 700 known species. The Alpheidae present a particular challenge in terms of both taxonomy and systematics as they are difficult to identify (some species vary in their growth and there are often large differences between the sexes). Traditional, morphology-based research on the Alpheidae still plays an important role in identifying species, compared with new methods, such as the short gene sequences. Based on more than 2000 specimens collected from the China Seas, this book describes and clearly illustrates 146 species belonging to 16 genera of the Alpheidae. It also presents the key features of every genus and every species within every genus, to enable readers to easily identify the alphid shrimps of the China Seas.

In the past few decades, societies in Asia have experienced rapid and dramatic changes in their economic, social and political spheres. Despite the wide diversity among these countries, a few general trends can be observed. Globalization has swept across Asia, bringing intensive economic interactions, with a strong commitment to liberalism and market capitalism. Wage labour has become the common form of employment. Individuals, as well as countries, are increasingly exposed to the competitive and uncertain global market. Employment protection, particularly for vulnerable labour groups - youth, women, seniors and migrants - has become a pressing issue for most Asian governments.Industrialization and urbanization have had a major impact on demographics, family structures and normative frameworks. The declining fertility rate has been recognized as a defining feature of a modern society, leading to small families and reducing instances of multi-generational co-residency. Changing family structures have contributed to changes in family values and roles, especially the role of women. Sometimes willingly, sometimes compelled, women are entering the workplace in increasing numbers, particularly as migrant workers. Similarly, the elderly are experiencing changes in their roles and participation in society. Family duties compete, and are often in conflict with, the demands of work. The issue of providing adequate and quality care to family members has been exacerbated by the fact that Asian societies are ageing.It is commonly acknowledged that, in Asian societies, personal care and support needs are primarily met by family - both immediate and extended - and, to a lesser degree, by community networks. Governments had gradually established their own social welfare systems in an effort to support economic growth and sustain their legitimacy by meeting certain recognized social needs. The success of these ventures varies across societies, and, naturally, there have been criticisms of the breadth and depth of these provisions.This book addresses social issues related to family, ageing and work that arise from these changes in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Philippine and Sri Lanka. These societies represent different levels of economic and social development, but face similar challenges and their social interventions can be usefully compared. This variety of subjects provides the reader with a more comprehensive understanding of the changes that have occurred, the problems that have emerged and the strategies that have been adopted. This volume provides insight into ways of addressing social issues in this rapidly changing part of the world.