Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and primary target for prevention. However, majority researchers concluded that it was mainly a men's disease that resulted in fewer women being informed about it. So this study was conducted to determine women's knowledge, attitude and practice on CVD in Kelantan, Malaysia. Majority of respondents were Malays with mean age of 39.9 years. Among them, 3.1% were smokers and 41.1% claimed having medical illness, the commonest was obesity (23.6%). About 87% of women knew that smoking is a risk factor. However, less than 20% knew about menopause. More than 80% knew typical symptoms whereas less than half realised atypical symptoms. Less than 20% of them knew the cholesterol risk target. Only 13% of women practiced exercise as required. The good knowledge, attitude and practice score were 55.6%, 55.1 % and 51.1% respectively. There were significant association between knowledge and attitude (r2=0.074), knowledge and practice (r2= 0.092) and attitude and practice (r2= 0.161).Hence a better structured educational programme should be reinforced as a preventive strategy to overcome this problem.

The PFME is significantly effective in controlling urinary incontinence.It should be promoted during pregnancy and after delivery to prevent or treat postnatal incontinence, control bowel motions and increased sexual satisfaction. The study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards PFME among antenatal women in Kelantan, Malaysia. They were given self-administered validated PFME KAP questionnaire.Of 56 respondents, 96.4% were Malay with the mean age of 33 years. The prevalence of UI was 19.6%.The proportion of antenatal mothers with good knowledge score was about 51.8%. Attitude showed the highest proportion with the good score (96.4%), whereas practice was the lowest(10.7%). There was significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice score (p=0.012). So the overall knowledge and practice on PFME were still poor that needs more attention from primary doctors.Our antenatal mothers should be informed and trained properly. Utilizing antenatal classes to introduce simple, easy and cost effective exercise for maintaining pelvic muscle strength is one the easiest way to improve knowledge, and yet give a positive impact on its practice and health outcome

CVD screening is an effective strategy for identifying and reducing risk in high risk individual thus provide significant role in preventing and controlling CVD. National Health and Morbidity survey in 2006 showed that hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and physical inactivity among Malaysian population had a steady increase in prevalence. So this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of optimal cardiovascular screening activities and its associated factors among apparently healthy school teachers.The prevalence of optimal cardiovascular screening activities was 29.3% (95% CI: 24.52, 34.08). The significant associated factors for optimal CVD screening were age (p =0.026), knowledge on CVD screening (p =0.009), family history of CVD (p =0.048) and availability of health facilities (p =0.003). The prevalence of optimal screening activities was still low that needs more attention. Therefore, the health care providers should widely implement global health assessment rather than disease orientated in their daily practice since half of the significant factors can be modified.

PMGlycaemic control is an important aspect in managing diabetes in order to prevent its complications .The study objectives were to compare the glycaemic control in patients monitored by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 hours postprandial glucose (PPG),determine the correlation between FPG and PPG with HbA1c and fructosamine and the factors associated with the control. FPG,HbA1c and fructosamine was drawn at 0 hour and PPG was drawn after 2 hours taking a standard breakfast. After 6 months,out of 82 patients (41 PPgroup, 39 FGgroup), 58.5% subjects in PP and 43.6% in FG were having good control of HbA1c. There was significant difference in mean glycaemic control (HbA1c and Fructosamine) between both groups(p=0.029, p=0.034).Both PPG and FPG significantly correlated with HbA1c and fructosamine but PPG showed better correlation to HbA1c than FPG (r= 0.604 vs.0.575).The sensitivity, specificity and PPV of PPG were 75%, 80.6% and 82.5% whereas FPG were 81.8%, 58.3% and 70.6% respectively. Factors associated with glycaemic control include age, number of OHA and without nephropathy.Thus, PPG predicted overall glycaemic control better than FP

Depression among elderly primary care patients is a serious problem with significant morbidity and mortality, yet it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of major depression and its associated risk factors among the elderly patients, age 60 and above attending outpatient clinic, Klinik Rawatan Keluarga at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. This study utilized M-GDS-14, the translated and validated version of GDS-15, to screen for elderly depression among Malaysian population. Out of 244 subjects, 34 or 13.9% were found to have depression. Elderly patient with any illness that limits the patient's activity or mobility has more risk of developing depression (OR 2.68 CI 1.15 - 6.24). Elderly patients who were satisfied with their personal incomes (OR 0.29 CI 0.10 - 0.85), and who had children or son/daughter-in-law to take care of them when they are sick (OR 0.10 CI 0.01 - 0.83) have a lower chance of having depression. Screening the elderly for depression, would help in diagnosing the elderly depression better and offer them the treatment needed.