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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality
worldwide and primary target for prevention. However, majority
researchers concluded that it was mainly a men's disease that
resulted in fewer women being informed about it. So this study was
conducted to determine women's knowledge, attitude and practice on
CVD in Kelantan, Malaysia. Majority of respondents were Malays with
mean age of 39.9 years. Among them, 3.1% were smokers and 41.1%
claimed having medical illness, the commonest was obesity (23.6%).
About 87% of women knew that smoking is a risk factor. However,
less than 20% knew about menopause. More than 80% knew typical
symptoms whereas less than half realised atypical symptoms. Less
than 20% of them knew the cholesterol risk target. Only 13% of
women practiced exercise as required. The good knowledge, attitude
and practice score were 55.6%, 55.1 % and 51.1% respectively. There
were significant association between knowledge and attitude
(r2=0.074), knowledge and practice (r2= 0.092) and attitude and
practice (r2= 0.161).Hence a better structured educational
programme should be reinforced as a preventive strategy to overcome
this problem.
The PFME is significantly effective in controlling urinary
incontinence.It should be promoted during pregnancy and after
delivery to prevent or treat postnatal incontinence, control bowel
motions and increased sexual satisfaction. The study was to
determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards PFME among
antenatal women in Kelantan, Malaysia. They were given
self-administered validated PFME KAP questionnaire.Of 56
respondents, 96.4% were Malay with the mean age of 33 years. The
prevalence of UI was 19.6%.The proportion of antenatal mothers with
good knowledge score was about 51.8%. Attitude showed the highest
proportion with the good score (96.4%), whereas practice was the
lowest(10.7%). There was significant positive correlation between
knowledge and practice score (p=0.012). So the overall knowledge
and practice on PFME were still poor that needs more attention from
primary doctors.Our antenatal mothers should be informed and
trained properly. Utilizing antenatal classes to introduce simple,
easy and cost effective exercise for maintaining pelvic muscle
strength is one the easiest way to improve knowledge, and yet give
a positive impact on its practice and health outcome
CVD screening is an effective strategy for identifying and reducing
risk in high risk individual thus provide significant role in
preventing and controlling CVD. National Health and Morbidity
survey in 2006 showed that hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia,
obesity, smoking and physical inactivity among Malaysian population
had a steady increase in prevalence. So this study was conducted to
determine the prevalence of optimal cardiovascular screening
activities and its associated factors among apparently healthy
school teachers.The prevalence of optimal cardiovascular screening
activities was 29.3% (95% CI: 24.52, 34.08). The significant
associated factors for optimal CVD screening were age (p =0.026),
knowledge on CVD screening (p =0.009), family history of CVD (p
=0.048) and availability of health facilities (p =0.003). The
prevalence of optimal screening activities was still low that needs
more attention. Therefore, the health care providers should widely
implement global health assessment rather than disease orientated
in their daily practice since half of the significant factors can
be modified.
PMGlycaemic control is an important aspect in managing diabetes in
order to prevent its complications .The study objectives were to
compare the glycaemic control in patients monitored by fasting
plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 hours postprandial glucose
(PPG),determine the correlation between FPG and PPG with HbA1c and
fructosamine and the factors associated with the control. FPG,HbA1c
and fructosamine was drawn at 0 hour and PPG was drawn after 2
hours taking a standard breakfast. After 6 months,out of 82
patients (41 PPgroup, 39 FGgroup), 58.5% subjects in PP and 43.6%
in FG were having good control of HbA1c. There was significant
difference in mean glycaemic control (HbA1c and Fructosamine)
between both groups(p=0.029, p=0.034).Both PPG and FPG
significantly correlated with HbA1c and fructosamine but PPG showed
better correlation to HbA1c than FPG (r= 0.604 vs.0.575).The
sensitivity, specificity and PPV of PPG were 75%, 80.6% and 82.5%
whereas FPG were 81.8%, 58.3% and 70.6% respectively. Factors
associated with glycaemic control include age, number of OHA and
without nephropathy.Thus, PPG predicted overall glycaemic control
better than FP
Depression among elderly primary care patients is a serious problem
with significant morbidity and mortality, yet it is underdiagnosed
and undertreated. The objective of this study is to determine the
prevalence of major depression and its associated risk factors
among the elderly patients, age 60 and above attending outpatient
clinic, Klinik Rawatan Keluarga at Hospital Universiti Sains
Malaysia. This study utilized M-GDS-14, the translated and
validated version of GDS-15, to screen for elderly depression among
Malaysian population. Out of 244 subjects, 34 or 13.9% were found
to have depression. Elderly patient with any illness that limits
the patient's activity or mobility has more risk of developing
depression (OR 2.68 CI 1.15 - 6.24). Elderly patients who were
satisfied with their personal incomes (OR 0.29 CI 0.10 - 0.85), and
who had children or son/daughter-in-law to take care of them when
they are sick (OR 0.10 CI 0.01 - 0.83) have a lower chance of
having depression. Screening the elderly for depression, would help
in diagnosing the elderly depression better and offer them the
treatment needed.
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