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The advent of social complexity has been a longstanding debate
among social scientists. Existing theories and approaches involving
the origins of social complexity include environmental
circumscription, population growth, technology transfers,
prestige-based and interpersonal-group competition, organized
conflict, perennial wartime leadership, wealth finance,
opportunistic leadership, climatological change, transport and
trade monopolies, resource circumscription, surplus and
redistribution, ideological imperialism, and the consideration of
individual agency. However, recent approaches such as the inclusion
of bioarchaeological perspectives, prospection methods,
systematically-investigated archaeological sites along with
emerging technologies are necessarily transforming our
understanding of socio-cultural evolutionary processes. In short,
many pre-existing ways of explaining the origins and development of
social complexity are being reassessed. Ultimately, the
contributors to this edited volume challenge the status quo
regarding how and why social complexity arose by providing
revolutionary new understandings of social inequality and
socio-political evolution.
The advent of social complexity has been a longstanding debate
among social scientists. Existing theories and approaches involving
the origins of social complexity include environmental
circumscription, population growth, technology transfers,
prestige-based and interpersonal-group competition, organized
conflict, perennial wartime leadership, wealth finance,
opportunistic leadership, climatological change, transport and
trade monopolies, resource circumscription, surplus and
redistribution, ideological imperialism, and the consideration of
individual agency. However, recent approaches such as the inclusion
of bioarchaeological perspectives, prospection methods,
systematically-investigated archaeological sites along with
emerging technologies are necessarily transforming our
understanding of socio-cultural evolutionary processes. In short,
many pre-existing ways of explaining the origins and development of
social complexity are being reassessed. Ultimately, the
contributors to this edited volume challenge the status quo
regarding how and why social complexity arose by providing
revolutionary new understandings of social inequality and
socio-political evolution.
The decision to publish scholarly findings bearing on the question
of Amerindian environmental degradation, warfare, and/or violence
is one that weighs heavily on anthropologists. This burden stems
from the fact that documentation of this may render descendant
communities vulnerable to a host of predatory agendas and hostile
modern forces. Consequently, some anthropologists and community
advocates alike argue that such culturally and socially sensitive,
and thereby, politically volatile information regarding
Amerindian-induced environmental degradation and warfare should not
be reported. This admonition presents a conundrum for
anthropologists and other social scientists employed in the academy
or who work at the behest of tribal entities. This work documents
the various ethical dilemmas that confront anthropologists, and
researchers in general, when investigating Amerindian communities.
The contributions to this volume explore the ramifications of
reporting--and, specifically,--of non-reporting instances of
environmental degradation and warfare among Amerindians.
Collectively, the contributions in this volume, which extend across
the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, ethnic
studies, philosophy, and medicine, argue that the non-reporting of
environmental mismanagement and violence in Amerindian communities
generally harms not only the field of anthropology but the
Amerindian populations themselves.
Desert hues, natural materials, thick hand-plastered walls, and
adobe brick construction are hallmarks of the Santa Fe Style, which
is as much an expression in architecture, interior design, art, and
crafts as it is a way of life. Rooted in a sense of earthy comfort
inspired by its history, the surrounding desert, and Native
American and Hispanic design influences, the style has a timeless
appeal and vibrant ongoing life that has resulted in these
extraordinary homes. With features such as eighteenth-century
peeled vigas, tin chandeliers, romantic iron sconces, and hand-hewn
wood-beamed ceilings, each house is a rich yet harmonious
invitation that will engage the senses and speak to the soul.
Beyond the houses, the writer and photographer spotlight those
details and spaces that together convey the magic of this very
special place, including patios and gardens; fireplaces, kivas, and
hornos; ceramics; Native American arts; cabinets and trasteros;
folk art; and weaving. Casa Santa Fe is the definitive sourcebook
for architects, designers, builders, homeowners, and interior
decorators seeking to expand their visual repertoire of
historically defined and classically inspired architectural details
and interior appointments.
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Essence (Hardcover)
Jan C Schlegel; Foreword by Ruben G. Mendoza
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R2,144
R1,797
Discovery Miles 17 970
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Since 1998 Jan C. Schlegel Regularly travels with his analog photo
equipment to remote places, which are secluded from the tourism of
the western world. On this tours the artist observed the rapid
decline of traditions and inceasing change of the way of life of
the people within their tribes due to globalization. The inexorable
changes woke the urgent wish in the photographer to portrait
people, to capture impressions and to preserve traditional life
forms in his pictures. With his assistant, Schlegel lives in modest
circumstances among the people, which he tries to portray. Step by
step the photographer gains their trust, in order to make pictures
in the desired nearness and intimacy.
The decision to publish scholarly findings bearing on the question
of Amerindian environmental degradation, warfare, and/or violence
is one that weighs heavily on anthropologists. This burden stems
from the fact that documentation of this may render descendant
communities vulnerable to a host of predatory agendas and hostile
modern forces. Consequently, some anthropologists and community
advocates alike argue that such culturally and socially sensitive,
and thereby, politically volatile information regarding
Amerindian-induced environmental degradation and warfare should not
be reported. This admonition presents a conundrum for
anthropologists and other social scientists employed in the academy
or who work at the behest of tribal entities. This work documents
the various ethical dilemmas that confront anthropologists, and
researchers in general, when investigating Amerindian communities.
The contributions to this volume explore the ramifications of
reporting--and, specifically,--of non-reporting instances of
environmental degradation and warfare among Amerindians.
Collectively, the contributions in this volume, which extend across
the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, ethnohistory, ethnic
studies, philosophy, and medicine, argue that the non-reporting of
environmental mismanagement and violence in Amerindian communities
generally harms not only the field of anthropology but the
Amerindian populations themselves.
This groundbreaking multidisciplinary book presents significant
essays on historical indigenous violence in Latin America from
Tierra del Fuego to central Mexico. The collection explores those
uniquely human motivations and environmental variables that have
led to the native peoples of Latin America engaging in warfare and
ritual violence since antiquity. Based on an American
Anthropological Association symposium, this book collects twelve
contributions from sixteen authors, all of whom are scholars at the
forefront of their fields of study. All of the chapters advance our
knowledge of the causes, extent, and consequences of indigenous
violence?including ritualized violence?in Latin America. Each major
historical/cultural group in Latin America is addressed by at least
one contributor. Incorporating the results of dozens of years of
research, this volume documents evidence of warfare, violent
conflict, and human sacrifice from the fifteenth century to the
twentieth, including incidents that occurred before European
contact. Together the chapters present a convincing argument that
warfare and ritual violence have been woven into the fabric of life
in Latin America since remote antiquity. For the first time, expert
subject-area work on indigenous violence, rchaeological,
osteological, ethnographic, historical, and forensic?has been
assembled in one volume. Much of this work has heretofore been
dispersed across various countries and languages. With its
collection into one English-language volume, all future
writers?regardless of their discipline or point of view?will have a
source to consult for further research. CONTENTS Acknowledgments
Introduction Richard J. Chacon and Ruben G. Mendoza 1. Status
Rivalry and Warfare in the Development and Collapse of Classic Maya
Civilization Matt O?Mansky and Arthur A. Demarest 2. Aztec
Militarism and Blood Sacrifice: The Archaeology and Ideology of
Ritual Violence Ruben G. Mendoza 3. Territorial Expansion and
Primary State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico Charles S. Spencer 4.
Images of Violence in Mesoamerican Mural Art Donald McVicker 5.
Circum-Caribbean Chiefly Warfare Elsa M. Redmond 6. Conflict and
Conquest in Pre-Hispanic Andean South America: Archaeological
Evidence from Northern Coastal Peru John W. Verano 7. The Inti
Raymi Festival among the Cotacachi and Otavalo of Highland Ecuador:
Blood for the Earth Richard J. Chacon, Yamilette Chacon, and Angel
Guandinango 8. Upper Amazonian Warfare Stephen Beckerman and James
Yost 9. Complexity and Causality in Tupinamba Warfare William Balee
10. Hunter-Gatherers? Aboriginal Warfare in Western Chaco Marcela
Mendoza 11. The Struggle for Social Life in Fuego-Patagonia Alfredo
Prieto and Rodrigo Cardenas 12. Ethical Considerations and
Conclusions Regarding Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence in
Latin America Richard J. Chacon and Ruben G. Mendoza References
About the Contributors Index
Despite evidence of warfare and violent conflict in pre-Columbian
North America, scholars argue that the scale and scope of Native
American violence is exagerated. They contend that scholarly
misrepresentation has denigrated indigenous peoples when in fact
they lived together in peace and harmony. In rebutting that
contention, this groundbreaking book presents clear evidencefrom
multiple academic disciplines that indigenous populations engaged
in warfare and ritual violence long before European contact. In ten
well-documented and thoroughly researched chapters, fourteen
leading scholars dispassionately describe sources and consequences
of Amerindian warfare and violence, including ritual violence.
Originally presented at an American Anthropological Association
symposium, their findings construct a convincing case that
bloodshed and killing have been woven into the fabric of indigenous
life in North America for many centuries. The editors argue that a
failure to acknowledge the roles of warfare and violence in the
lives of indigenous North Americans is itself a vestige of colonial
repression depriving native warriors of their history of armed
resistance. These essays document specific acts of Native American
violence across the North American continent. Including
contributions from anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and
ethnographers, they argue not only that violence existed but also
that it was an important and frequently celebrated component of
Amerindian life. CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction Richard J.
Chacon and Ruben G. Mendoza 1. Traditional Native Warfare in
Western Alaska Ernest S. Burch Jr. 2. Barbarism and Ardour of War
from the Tenderest Years?: Cree-Inuit Warfare in the Hudson Bay
Region Charles A. Bishop and Victor P. Lytwyn 3. Aboriginal Warfare
on the Northwest Coast: Did the Potlatch Replace Warfare? Joan A.
Lovisek 4. Ethnohistoric Descriptions of Chumash Warfare John R.
Johnson 5. Documenting Conflict in the Prehistoric Pueblo Southwest
Polly Schaafsma 6. Cahokia and the Evidence for Late Pre-Columbian
War in the North American Midcontinent Thomas E. Emerson 7.
Iroquois-Huron Warfare Dean R. Snow 8. Desecrating the Sacred
Ancestor Temples: Chiefly Conflict and Violence in the American
Southeast David H. Dye and Adam King 9. Warfare, Population, and
Food Production in Prehistoric Eastern North America George R.
Milner 10. The Osteological Evidence for Indigenous Warfare in
North America Patricia M. Lambert 11. Ethical Considerations and
Conclusions Regarding Indigenous Warfare and Violence in North
America Richard J. Chacon and Ruben G. Mendoza References About the
Contributors Index
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