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Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the current state of cosmic
rays, their modulation and their effects in the Earth's atmosphere.
Leading scientists in the field assess the current state of our
understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of galactic
and anomalous cosmic rays in the Heliosphere, and their relation to
effects of the Sun. The main objective is to understand the spatial
and temporal variation of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the
light of recent observations, theory and modeling by identifying
the key mechanism(s) of cosmic ray modulation and how changes on
the Sun relate to changes in the observed characteristics of cosmic
rays in the Heliosphere; examining the current long-lasting solar
minimum and understand its implications for solar-cycle variations
and long-term variations; and interpreting the long-term variations
of cosmogenic radionuclides in terms of solar variability and
climate change on Earth. This volume is aimed at graduate students
active in the fields of solar physics, space science, and cosmic
ray physics. Originally published in Space Science Reviews journal,
Vol. 176/1-4, 2013.
This volume explores the cross-linkages between the kinetic
processes and macroscopic phenomena in the solar atmosphere, which
are at the heart of our current understanding of the heating of the
closed and open corona and the acceleration of the solar wind. The
focus lies on novel data, on theoretical models that have
observable consequences through remote sensing, and on near-solar
and inner-heliosphere observations, such as anticipated by the
upcoming Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe missions, which are
currently developed by the international community. This volume is
aimed at students and researchers active in solar physics and space
science. Previously published in Space Science Reviews journal,
Vol. 172, Nos. 1-4, 2012.
A collection of papers edited by four experts in the field, this
book sets out to describe the way solar activity is manifested in
observations of the solar interior, the photosphere, the
chromosphere, the corona and the heliosphere. The 11-year solar
activity cycle, more generally known as the sunspot cycle, is a
fundamental property of the Sun. This phenomenon is the generation
and evolution of magnetic fields in the Sun's convection zone, the
photosphere. It is only by the careful enumeration and description
of the phenomena and their variations that one can clarify their
interdependences. The sunspot cycle has been tracked back about
four centuries, and it has been recognized that to make this data
set a really useful tool in understanding how the activity cycle
works and how it can be predicted, a very careful and detailed
effort is needed to generate sunspot numbers. This book deals with
this topic, together with several others that present related
phenomena that all indicate the physical processes that take place
in the Sun and its exterior environment. The reviews in the book
also present the latest theoretical and modelling studies that
attempt to explain the activity cycle. It remains true, as has been
shown in the unexpected characteristics of the first two solar
cycles in the 21st century, that predictability remains a serious
challenge. Nevertheless, the highly expert and detailed reviews in
this book, using the very best solar observations from both ground-
and space based telescopes, provide the best possible report on
what is known and what is yet to be discovered. Originally
published in Space Science Reviews, Vol 186, Issues 1-4, 2014.
Cosmogenic radionuclides are radioactive isotopes which are
produced by natural processes and distributed within the Earth
system. With a holistic view of the environment the authors show in
this book how cosmogenic radionuclides can be used to trace and to
reconstruct the history of a large variety of processes. They
discuss the way in which cosmogenic radionuclides can assist in the
quantification of complex processes in the present-day environment.
The book aims to demonstrate to the reader the strength of analytic
tools based on cosmogenic radionuclides, their contribution to
almost any field of modern science, and how these tools may assist
in the solution of many present and future problems that we face
here on Earth. The book provides a comprehensive discussion of the
basic principles behind the applications of cosmogenic (and other)
radionuclides as environmental tracers and dating tools. The second
section of the book discusses in some detail the production of
radionuclides by cosmic radiation, their transport and distribution
in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, their storage in natural
archives, and how they are measured. The third section of the book
presents a number of examples selected to illustrate typical tracer
and dating applications in a number of different spheres
(atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, solar physics and
astronomy). At the same time the authors have outlined the
limitations of the use of cosmogenic radionuclides. Written on a
level understandable by graduate students without specialist skills
in physics or mathematics, the book addresses a wide audience,
ranging from archaeology, biophysics, and geophysics, to
atmospheric physics, hydrology, astrophysics and space science.
Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the current state of cosmic
rays, their modulation and their effects in the Earth's atmosphere.
Leading scientists in the field assess the current state of our
understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of galactic
and anomalous cosmic rays in the Heliosphere, and their relation to
effects of the Sun. The main objective is to understand the spatial
and temporal variation of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the
light of recent observations, theory and modeling by identifying
the key mechanism(s) of cosmic ray modulation and how changes on
the Sun relate to changes in the observed characteristics of cosmic
rays in the Heliosphere; examining the current long-lasting solar
minimum and understand its implications for solar-cycle variations
and long-term variations; and interpreting the long-term variations
of cosmogenic radionuclides in terms of solar variability and
climate change on Earth. This volume is aimed at graduate students
active in the fields of solar physics, space science, and cosmic
ray physics. Originally published in Space Science Reviews journal,
Vol. 176/1-4, 2013.
This volume explores the cross-linkages between the kinetic
processes and macroscopic phenomena in the solar atmosphere, which
are at the heart of our current understanding of the heating of the
closed and open corona and the acceleration of the solar wind. The
focus lies on novel data, on theoretical models that have
observable consequences through remote sensing, and on near-solar
and inner-heliosphere observations, such as anticipated by the
upcoming Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe missions, which are
currently developed by the international community. This volume is
aimed at students and researchers active in solar physics and space
science. Previously published in Space Science Reviews journal,
Vol. 172, Nos. 1-4, 2012.
Cosmogenic radionuclides are radioactive isotopes which are
produced by natural processes and distributed within the Earth
system. With a holistic view of the environment the authors show in
this book how cosmogenic radionuclides can be used to trace and to
reconstruct the history of a large variety of processes. They
discuss the way in which cosmogenic radionuclides can assist in the
quantification of complex processes in the present-day environment.
The book aims to demonstrate to the reader the strength of analytic
tools based on cosmogenic radionuclides, their contribution to
almost any field of modern science, and how these tools may assist
in the solution of many present and future problems that we face
here on Earth. The book provides a comprehensive discussion of the
basic principles behind the applications of cosmogenic (and other)
radionuclides as environmental tracers and dating tools. The second
section of the book discusses in some detail the production of
radionuclides by cosmic radiation, their transport and distribution
in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, their storage in natural
archives, and how they are measured. The third section of the book
presents a number of examples selected to illustrate typical tracer
and dating applications in a number of different spheres
(atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, solar physics and
astronomy). At the same time the authors have outlined the
limitations of the use of cosmogenic radionuclides. Written on a
level understandable by graduate students without specialist skills
in physics or mathematics, the book addresses a wide audience,
ranging from archaeology, biophysics, and geophysics, to
atmospheric physics, hydrology, astrophysics and space science.
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