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The Routledge Handbook of Self-Determination and Secession explores
the various debates surrounding the issues of self-determination
and secession, and the legal, political, and normative implications
they give rise to. Offering a broad survey of the state of the
sub-discipline today, the chapters are divided into seven key
parts: an Introduction, Self-Determination, Explaining and
Justifying Secession, Secession Strategies, Counter-Secession
Strategies, International Law and Secession, and Constitutional Law
and Secession. The authors, from a range of disciplinary
backgrounds, explore all the recent approaches to secession and
self-determination based on strategic interaction of major actors
in a secession process. This handbook will be of great interest to
students and researchers from a variety of disciplines including
politics and international relations, security studies, and law.
Secession and the Sovereignty Game offers a comprehensive strategic
theory for how secessionist movements attempt to win independence.
Combining original data analysis, fieldwork, interviews with
secessionist leaders, and case studies on Catalonia, the Murrawarri
Republic, West Papua, Bougainville, New Caledonia, and Northern
Cyprus, Ryan D. Griffiths shows how the rules and informal
practices of sovereign recognition create a strategic playing field
between existing states and aspiring nations that he terms "the
sovereignty game." To win sovereign statehood, all secessionist
movements have to maneuver on the same strategic playing field
while varying their tactics according to local conditions. To
obtain recognition, secessionist movements use tactics of electoral
capture, nonviolent civil resistance, and violence. To persuade the
home state and the international community, they appeal to
normative arguments regarding earned sovereignty, decolonization,
the right to choose, inherent sovereignty, and human rights. The
pursuit of independence can be enormously disruptive and is quite
often violent. By advancing a theory that explains how sovereign
recognition has succeeded in the past and is working in the
present, and by anticipating the practices of future secessionist
movements, Secession and the Sovereignty Game also prescribes
solutions that could make the sovereignty game less conflictual.
What are the factors that determine how central governments respond
to demands for independence? Secessionist movements are numerous
and quite varied in form, but the chief obstacle to their ambitions
is the state itself, which can deny independence demands, deploy
force if need be, and request that the international community
respect its territorial integrity by not recognizing the breakaway
region. Age of Secession focuses on this crucial but neglected
moment in the life of a secessionist movement. Griffiths offers a
novel theory using original data on secessionist movements between
1816 and 2011. He explains how state response is shaped by
international and domestic factors, when conflict is likely, and
why states have proliferated since 1945. He mixes quantitative
methods with case studies of secessionist movements in the United
Kingdom, Russia/Soviet Union, and India. This is an important book
for anyone who wants to understand the phenomenon of secession.
How can we understand the strategic interaction between
secessionist movements and sovereign states? A casual review of the
many secessionist struggles around the world, both violent and
peaceful, shows a variety of types. Some, like Catalonia, are
pursuing their ends using combinations of electoral capture and
civil demonstrations, just as the Spanish government is working to
delegitimize these efforts and defeat them in the polls. Regions
like Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh) lack the same institutional
connectivity with the larger state of Azerbaijan and are relegated
to a de facto (but unrecognized) status where defense, deterrence,
and diplomacy are critical. For its part, Azerbaijan invokes its
territorial integrity and attempts to deny all forms of recognition
to the breakaway region. Other regions from West Papua to Tibet are
faced with the hard choice between civil resistance and the use of
violence, and their states are keen to suppress their efforts and
hide them from the world. What features are common across all of
these examples, and how do they differ? This volume synthesizes a
number of theories and theoretical approaches that purport to
explain the strategies of secession and counter-secession. This is
an important topic. Apart from the many legal and cartographical
issues that attend secessionist activity, the potential for
conflict is a very real concern. Estimates put the share of civil
wars driven by secessionism at about 50%,1 and according to Barbara
Walter secessionism is the chief source of violence in the world
today.2 Secessionism is destabilizing because, at the least, it
presents a direct challenge to existing political systems. Yet
surprisingly, the strategic interaction between states and
secessionists is an area in which we have incomplete understanding.
How can we understand the strategic interaction between
secessionist movements and sovereign states? A casual review of the
many secessionist struggles around the world, both violent and
peaceful, shows a variety of types. Some, like Catalonia, are
pursuing their ends using combinations of electoral capture and
civil demonstrations, just as the Spanish government is working to
delegitimize these efforts and defeat them in the polls. Regions
like Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh) lack the same institutional
connectivity with the larger state of Azerbaijan and are relegated
to a de facto (but unrecognized) status where defense, deterrence,
and diplomacy are critical. For its part, Azerbaijan invokes its
territorial integrity and attempts to deny all forms of recognition
to the breakaway region. Other regions from West Papua to Tibet are
faced with the hard choice between civil resistance and the use of
violence, and their states are keen to suppress their efforts and
hide them from the world. What features are common across all of
these examples, and how do they differ? This volume synthesizes a
number of theories and theoretical approaches that purport to
explain the strategies of secession and counter-secession. This is
an important topic. Apart from the many legal and cartographical
issues that attend secessionist activity, the potential for
conflict is a very real concern. Estimates put the share of civil
wars driven by secessionism at about 50%,1 and according to Barbara
Walter secessionism is the chief source of violence in the world
today.2 Secessionism is destabilizing because, at the least, it
presents a direct challenge to existing political systems. Yet
surprisingly, the strategic interaction between states and
secessionists is an area in which we have incomplete understanding.
What are the factors that determine how central governments respond
to demands for independence? Secessionist movements are numerous
and quite varied in form, but the chief obstacle to their ambitions
is the state itself, which can deny independence demands, deploy
force if need be, and request that the international community
respect its territorial integrity by not recognizing the breakaway
region. Age of Secession focuses on this crucial but neglected
moment in the life of a secessionist movement. Griffiths offers a
novel theory using original data on secessionist movements between
1816 and 2011. He explains how state response is shaped by
international and domestic factors, when conflict is likely, and
why states have proliferated since 1945. He mixes quantitative
methods with case studies of secessionist movements in the United
Kingdom, Russia/Soviet Union, and India. This is an important book
for anyone who wants to understand the phenomenon of secession.
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