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Papers presented at the 11th International Conference on
Sustainable Water Resources Management are included in this volume.
These research works highlight recent technological and scientific
developments associated with the management of surface and
sub-surface water resources and as well as river basin management
methodologies. Water is essential for sustaining life on our planet
and its uneven distribution is a source of permanent conflict. The
growth of human population combined with the irregularity in
precipitation and water availability may restrict even further the
access to water in certain regions of the world. This problem is
made more severe by anthropogenic activities that affect its
quality. River Basin Management includes all aspects of Hydrology,
Ecology, Environmental Management, Flood Plains and Wetlands.
Riverine systems are coming under increasing pressure due to
anthropological and natural causes. Prominent amongst the problems
affecting them is water scarcity and quality, which requires the
development of improved methods for better river management. This
volume features research from professionals involved in sustainable
water resources management and provides an insight into the state
of the art in the current technology, techniques and solutions in
that field as they have been developed and applied in different
countries.
Over the centuries, civilisations have relied on the availability
of clean and inexpensive water. This can no longer be taken for
granted as the need for water continues to increase due to the
pressure from a growing global population demanding higher living
standards. Agriculture and industry, major users of water, are at
the same time those that contribute to its contamination. Water
distribution networks in urban areas, as well as soiled water
collection systems, present serious problems in response to a
growing population as well as the need to maintain ageing
infrastructures. Many technologically feasible solutions, such as
desalination or pumping systems are energy demanding but, as costs
rise, the techniques currently developed may need to be
re-assessed. The socio-political implications of a world short of
clean, easily available water are enormous. It will lead to
realignments in international politics and the emergence of new
centres of power in the world. Policymakers need to be educated and
advised on developing policies and regulations that will support
the water systems of tomorrow. The role of society and its
involvement with water is paramount. To meet the future demands for
water, new standards, new training and additional support roles
will best be delivered by those knowledgeable of the new
technologies and direction of the industry. This volume highlights
research on issues related to the nature of water, and its use and
exploitation by society.
Environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant loads
discharged into natural water bodies requires the formation of a
framework for regulation and control. This framework needs to be
based on scientific results that relate pollutant discharge with
changes in water quality. The results of these studies allow the
industry to apply more efficient methods of controlling and
treating waste loads, and water authorities to enforce appropriate
regulations regarding this matter. Water pollution problems are
essentially interdisciplinary. Engineers and scientists working in
this field must be familiar with a wide range of issues including
the physical processes of mixing and dilution, chemical and
biological processes, mathematical modelling, data acquisition and
measurement, to name but a few. In view of the scarcity of
available data, it is important that experiences are shared on an
international basis. Thus, a continuous exchange of information
between scientists from different countries is essential. Papers
presented at Water Pollution 2020, the 15th International
Conference in the series of Monitoring, Modelling and Management of
Water Pollution, are contained in this volume and highlight
research works from scientists, managers and academics from
different areas of water contamination.
As urban populations continue to increase it is essential to
consider ways of reducing their impact in terms of the use of
natural resources, waste production and climate change. The
increasing number of people in cities requires new strategies to
supply the necessary food with limited provision of land and
decreasing resources. This will become more challenging unless
innovative solutions for growing and distributing food in urban
environments are considered. The scale of modern food production
has created and exacerbated many vulnerabilities and the feeding of
cities is now infinitely more complex. As such, the food system
cannot be considered secure, ethical or sustainable. In the last
few years, there has been a rapid expansion in initiatives and
projects exploring innovative methods and processes for sustainable
food production. The majority of these projects are focused on
providing alternative models that shift the power back from the
global food system to communities and farmers improving social
cohesion, health and wellbeing. It is therefore not surprising that
more people are looking towards urban farming initiatives as a
potential solution. These initiatives have demonstrated that urban
agriculture has the potential to transform our living environment
towards ecologically sustainable and healthy cities. Urban
agriculture can also contribute to energy, natural resources, land
and water savings, ecological diversity and urban management cost
reductions. The impact urban agriculture can have on the shape and
form of our cities has never been fully addressed. How cities embed
these new approaches and initiatives, as part of new urban
developments and a city regeneration strategy is critical. The 2nd
International Conference on Urban Agriculture and City
Sustainability addressed these challenges and the search for new
solutions. The presented papers which form this volume detail
research works looking at how urban agriculture can contribute to
achieving sustainable cities.
Flooding is a global phenomenon that claims numerous lives
worldwide each year. Apart from the physical damage to buildings,
contents and loss of life, which are the most obvious, impacts of
floods upon households and other more indirect losses are often
overlooked. These indirect and intangible impacts are generally
associated with disruption to normal life and longer term health
issues. Flooding represents a major barrier to the alleviation of
poverty in many parts of the developing world, where vulnerable
communities are often exposed to sudden and life-threatening
events. As our cities continue to expand, their urban
infrastructures need to be re-evaluated and adapted to new
requirements related to the increase in population and the growing
areas under urbanization. Topics such as contamination and
pollution discharges in urban water bodies, as well as the
monitoring of water recycling systems are currently receiving a
great deal of attention from researchers and professional engineers
working in the water industry. The papers contained in this volume
cover these problems and deals with two main urban water topics:
water supply networks and urban drainage. Originating from the 7th
International Conference on Flood and Urban Water Management, the
included research works include innovative solutions that can help
bring about multiple benefits toward achieving integrated flood
risk and urban water management strategies and policy.
A set of new studies are included in this volume which provides
solutions that lead towards sustainability. Contributions originate
from a diverse range of researchers, resulting in a variety of
topics and experiences. Urban areas face a number of challenges
related to reducing pollution, improving main transportation and
infrastructure systems and these challenges can contribute to the
development of social and economic imbalances and require the
development of new solutions. The challenge is to manage human
activities, pursuing welfare and prosperity in the urban
environment, whilst considering the relationships between the parts
and their connections with the living world. The dynamics of its
networks (flows of energy matter, people, goods, information and
other resources) are fundamental for an understanding of the
evolving nature of today's cities. Large cities represent a
productive ground for architects, engineers, city planners, social
and political scientists able to conceive new ideas and time them
according to technological advances and human requirements. The
multidisciplinary components of urban planning, the challenges
presented by the increasing size of cities, the amount of resources
required and the complexity of modern society are all addressed.
Encompassing papers form the 2019 Water and Society Conference,
this book is a collection of latest trans-disciplinary research on
issues related to the nature of water, and its use and exploitation
by society. This book demonstrates the need to bridge the gap
between specialists in physical sciences, biology, environmental
sciences and health. Over the centuries, civilisations have relied
on the availability of clean and inexpensive water. This can no
longer be taken for granted as the need for water continues to
increase due to the pressure from growing global population
demanding higher living standards. Agriculture and industry, major
users of water, are at the same time those that contribute to its
contamination. Water distribution networks in urban areas, as well
as soiled water collection systems, present serious problems in
response to a growing population as well as the need to maintain
ageing infrastructures. Many technologically feasible solutions,
such as desalination or pumping systems are energy demanding but,
as costs rise, the techniques currently developed may need to be
re-assessed. The research contained in this book addresses the
interaction between water and energy systems. The socio-political
implications of a world short of clean, easily available water are
enormous. It will lead to realignments in international politics
and the emergence of new centres of power in the world. The
following list covers some of the subjects included in this book:
Water resources management; Agribusiness; Water as a human right;
Water quality; Water resources contamination; Sanitation and
health; Water and disaster management; Policy and legislation;
Future water demands; Irrigation and water management; Management
of catchments; Groundwater management and conservation.
Containing papers presented at the 13th International Conference on
Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, this volume includes latest
research providing solutions that lead towards sustainability. The
series maintains its strong reputation and contributions have been
made from a diverse range of delegates, resulting in a variety of
topics and experiences. Urban areas face a number of challenges
related to reducing pollution, improving main transportation and
infrastructure systems and these challenges can contribute to the
development of social and economic imbalances and require the
development of new solutions. The challenge is to manage human
activities, pursuing welfare and prosperity in the urban
environment, whilst considering the relationships between the parts
and their connections with the living world. The dynamics of its
networks (flows of energy matter, people, goods, information and
other resources) are fundamental for an understanding of the
evolving nature of today's cities. Large cities represent a
productive ground for architects, engineers, city planners, social
and political scientists able to conceive new ideas and time them
according to technological advances and human requirements. The
multidisciplinary components of urban planning, the challenges
presented by the increasing size of cities, the amount of resources
required and the complexity of modern society are all addressed.
The published papers cover the following fields: Urban strategies;
Planning, development and management; The community and the city;
Infrastructure and society; Eco-town planning; Spatial conflicts in
the city; Urban transportation and planning; Conservation and
regeneration; Architectural issues; Sustainable energy and the
city; Environmental management; Flood risk; Waste management; Urban
air pollution; Health issues; Water resources; Landscape planning
and design; Intelligent environment; Planning for risk and natural
hazards; Waterfront development; Case studies.
Forming the 10th volume from this successful international
conference series, this book features research from scientists,
practitioners and other experts working across the field of water
resources management. Water is essential for sustaining life on our
planet and its uneven distribution is a source of permanent
conflict. The growth of human population combined with the
irregularity in precipitation and water availability may restrict
even further the access to water in certain regions of the world.
This problem is made more severe by anthropogenic activities that
affect its quality. Moreover, changes in the landscape, use of the
land and climate conditions lead to a continuous revaluation of
river basin management objectives. This requires the development of
better measuring tools as well as the use of increasingly accurate
computer software. This volume provides an insight into the state
of the art in the current technology, techniques and solutions in
sustainable water resources management as they have been developed
and applied in different countries. Themes related to water
resources include: Water management and planning; Water rights and
accessibility; Water markets economics and policies; Climate
change; Irrigation; Water resources in arid regions; Ground water;
Hydraulic engineering; Trans-boundary water management; Water, food
and energy; Water and the community; Integrated water analysis;
Wetlands as water sources.
Papers presented at the 10th in a series of conferences on River
Basin Management are contained in this book. The included works
mark a growing global interest in the planning, design and
management of river basin systems and take in to account all
aspects of Hydrology, Ecology, Environmental Management, Flood
Plains and Wetlands. Catastrophic events such as floods and
associated landslides, erosion and sedimentation can have serious
effects not only on life and property but also on the basin
ecology. Frequently these problems are aggravated by the unforeseen
consequences of man made changes in the river basin. This has led
in recent years to work on river restoration and rehabilitation
with various degrees of success. Changes in the landscape, use of
the land and climate conditions leads to a continuous revaluation
of river basin management objectives requiring the development of
better measuring tools in conjunction with accurate computer
technology. Specific themes covered in this volume include: Water
resources management; Flood risk management; Ecological and
environmental impact; Erosion and sediment transport; Hydrological
modelling; River restoration and rehabilitation; Hydropower issues
and development; River and watershed management; Water quality
issues; Organic contamination management; Agricultural pollution;
Transboundary water issues; Estuaries and deltas; Climate change;
Remote sensing; Hydraulic structures; Rain water management; Water
energy nexus; Drought assessment and management; Ecosystem
services.
A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the sudden
displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an
ocean. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater
explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices),
landslides, glacier calving, meteorite impacts and other
disturbances above or below water all have the potential to
generate a tsunami. These waves are very different from normal sea
waves, because their wavelength is far longer. Large events can
generate wave heights of tens of metres and therefore, although the
main impact of tsunamis is to coastal areas, their potential
destructive power is enormous and they can affect entire ocean
basins; the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest
natural disasters in human history with over 230,000 people killed
in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Tsunami: from
fundamentals to mitigation comprises seven chapters, dealing with
the different aspects of the field. The first chapter deals with
the different types of tsunami and their historical data. Chapter 2
describes an inverse type solution to find a posteriori of the
tsunami waveform.One of the main problems with tsunamis, described
in Chapter 3, is how to assess the flooding they produce. Chapter 4
deals with the very important topic of Early Warning Systems.
Chapter 5 not only studies the behaviour of RC buildings under the
2011 Japanese Tsunami but puts forward a series of recommendations.
One of the most damaging aspects of Tsunamis is the damage to
infrastructure and building systems. Chapter 6 discusses this along
with providing guideline measures to take in the future. Finally
Chapter 7 studies the important problem of health and related
issues due to tsunami disasters.
Water Hammer Simulations is a comprehensive guide to modelling
transients in closed pipes. The models presented range from those
used for the first studies into the field to the most advanced
available today. All of the models are described in detail,
starting from the simplest to the most complex. Most of the
presented models have been implemented in computer codes, which are
provided with the book as both executable files and the sources.
The use of these programs is explained in the book where they are
applied in a number of examples; the results are critically
commented, to allow the reader to be able to build an appropriate
model for their own use. Suggestions on the most appropriate model
to be built and used are provided throughout the book. Laboratory
tests and real case applications are also presented and discussed,
together with the still unresolved problems in the field. The focus
of researcher's efforts we will be on these issues in the coming
years. The book is suitable for professionals working in the field
as well as scholars and undergraduate students.
Flooding claims many lives worldwide each year. In addition, many
more lives are affected by homelessness, disease and crop failures
as a result of floods' destructiveness. The number of recent flood
events coupled with climate change predictions and urban
development, suggest that these statistics are likely to worsen in
the future. Flooding in populated areas can cause substantial
property damage as well as threaten human life. Apart from the
obvious physical damage to buildings, contents and loss of life,
there other more indirect losses that are often overlooked. These
intangible impacts are generally associated with disruption to
normal life as well as longer term health issues, including
stress-related illness. The conference papers cover the following
topics: Flood Risk Management; Flood Risk Vulnerability; Emergency
Preparedness and Response; Flood Forecasting; Flood Case Studies;
Responses to Reduce Vulnerability to Flooding.
This book gives an up-to-date review on dam-break problems, along
with the main theoretical background and the practical aspects
involved in dam failures, design of flood defence structures,
prevention measures and the environmental, social, economic, and
forensic aspects related to the topic. Moreover, an exhaustive
range of laboratory tests and modelling techniques is explored to
deal effectively with shock waves and other disasters caused by dam
failures. Disaster management refers to programs and strategies
designed to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover
from the effects of these phenomena. To manage and minimize these
risks, it is necessary to identify hazards and vulnerability by
means of a deep knowledge of the causes, which lead to dam
failures, and to understand the flow propagation process. Knowledge
and advanced scientific tools play a role of paramount importance
in the strain of coping with flooding and other dam-break problems
along with the capacity building in the context of political and
administrative frameworks.All these aspects are featured in the
book, which is a comprehensive treaty that covers the most
theoretical and advanced aspects of structural and hydraulic
engineering, together with the hazard assessment and mitigation
measures and the social, economic and forensic aspects related to
subject.
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