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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the oldest oilseed crop known and
cultivated by man. Among the oilseed crops, sesame ranks first for
having the highest oil content of 46-64 per cent and 6355 K cal per
kg dietary energy in seeds. The seed of sesame is also rich in
protein (20-28 %), sugar (14-16 %) and minerals (5-7 %).The
specific reasons identified for the low yield of sesame in India is
due to its cultivation under sub-marginal lands without due
importance to the choice of appropriate season, high yielding
variety, nutrient management and new agro-technological packages.
One way of increasing the productivity in sesame is by increasing
the number of branches leading to increase in total number of
capsules per plant. Maintaining the plant population also plays a
vital role in realizing the yield potential of sesame. Possibility
of cultivation of sesame in summer season under irrigated condition
wherever supplemental water resource is available had not been
tried or practiced by the farmers of this region. Therefore,
selection of suitable variety, time of sowing, appropriate geometry
and agronomic technologies are importance for increasing the
productivity of sesame in this region.
The introduction of Green Revolution Agriculture(GRA)had paved the
way for attaining self sufficiency in India, with respect to its
food production. Major important component of GRA for increasing
production is irrigation. Due to GRA, the ground water resources
are exploited all over the country almost to its maximum
potential.The combination of two major sectors (Agriculrure and
Industries) in utilizing the ground waters of Pondicherry region
had resulted in the salinization of water causing huge problems
both for agriculture and industries. Further investigations had
shown that the crops were affected by hydrogen sulphide injury,
which has resulted due to irrigating with sulphate rich water and
submergence for a longer period of time. The source of sulphate in
the ground waters was identified to be the sea water which has
intruded into the ground water due to over exploitation of ground
water aquifers. Keeping all the these points in mind, Agro -
Ecologically sustainable management practices are demonstrated in
this text book to mitigate the poor quality of ground water as well
as to reclaim the sulphate rich soils in the rice bowl region of
coastal Agro Ecosystems.
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