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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been produced commercially
since be fore 1930. They proved to be highly versatile mixtures and
their uses continued to expand during the early 1970's even after
the unanticipated world-wide en vironmental contamination had been
discovered (Jensen et aI. , 1969; Koeman et aI. , 1969). Over
600,000 metric-tons were produced and/or used in the U. S. during
this time and it is estimated that worldwide production totaled
about 1,200,000 metric-tons (Table 1). With low acute toxicities
(Fishbein, 1974), these mixtures were considered gen erally
biologically inactive even though industrial exposure had
demonstrated he patic and dermatological effects (Fishbein, 1974;
Hansen, 1987). Thus, use and disposal were not carefully monitored
and it is estimated that one-third of the world-wide production of
PCBs has been released into the global environment (Table 1). Table
1. Estimated production and disposition of PCBs b U. s. a Worldwide
6 6 Production/use 610 X 10 kg 1200 X 10 kg Mobil environmental
reservoir 82 400 Static reservoirs In service 340 Dumps 130 Total
static 470 800 a NAS, 1979 b Tatsukawa and Tanaba, 1984 2
Environmental Distribution Many countries now impose strict
controls on the use and release of PCBs. Re lease into the
environment has declined dramatically in the last decade, but con
tinued release from reservoirs (Table 1) into burdened ecosystems
(Table 2) ap pears inevitable for several more decades (Barros et
aI. , 1984).
During the past ten years a variety of methods involving mass
spectrom etry have been developed for the analysis of
environmentally important compounds. Much has been accomplished in
that period to solve some of the important problems in the field.
Growth of this methodology and its accomplishments has reached the
point where an individual scientist can no longer have an in-depth
knowledge of all the areas involved. We have attempted to provide
this in-depth picture to those scientists con cerned by having the
important topics treated by experts in the subject matter. In order
to provide all the relevant material in one volume we begin with
the general topics which provide the basic background material
necessary to understand the techniques discussed in the in-depth
topics. These general chapters are kept brief, containing only the
essentials needed by the working scientist to deal with the
practical applications. References in these chapters are chosen to
permit a more complete study of each chapter. The concept for this
book was developed during the activities of two of the editors
under a NATO travel grant. These editors gratefully acknowledge
this support which made the initial planning of this book possible.
The editors would like to thank the individual authors of each chap
ter for their cooperation and generously giving of their time for
this project."
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