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This book provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art
orthopaedic techniques and basic mechanical operations (drilling,
boring, cutting, grinding/milling) involved in present day
orthopaedic surgery. Casting a light on exploratory hybrid
operations, as well as non-conventional techniques such as laser
assisted operations, this book further extends the discussion to
include physical aspects of the surgery in view of material (bone)
and process parameters. Featuring detailed discussion of the
computational modeling of forces (mechanical and thermal) involved
in surgical procedures for the planning and optimization of the
process/procedure and system development, this book lays the
foundations for efforts towards the future development of improved
orthopaedic surgery. With topics including the role of bone
machining during surgical operations; the physical properties of
the bone which influence the response to any machining operation,
and robotic automation, this book will be a valuable and
comprehensive literature source for years to come.
This book provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art
orthopaedic techniques and basic mechanical operations (drilling,
boring, cutting, grinding/milling) involved in present day
orthopaedic surgery. Casting a light on exploratory hybrid
operations, as well as non-conventional techniques such as laser
assisted operations, this book further extends the discussion to
include physical aspects of the surgery in view of material (bone)
and process parameters. Featuring detailed discussion of the
computational modeling of forces (mechanical and thermal) involved
in surgical procedures for the planning and optimization of the
process/procedure and system development, this book lays the
foundations for efforts towards the future development of improved
orthopaedic surgery. With topics including the role of bone
machining during surgical operations; the physical properties of
the bone which influence the response to any machining operation,
and robotic automation, this book will be a valuable and
comprehensive literature source for years to come.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of various solar based
hydrogen production systems. The book covers first-law (energy
based) and second-law (exergy based) efficiencies and provides a
comprehensive understanding of their implications. It will help
minimize the widespread misuse of efficiencies among students and
researchers in energy field by using an intuitive and unified
approach for defining efficiencies. The book gives a clear
understanding of the sustainability and environmental impact
analysis of the above systems. The book will be particularly useful
for a clear understanding of second law (exergy) efficiencies for
various systems. It may serve as a reference book to the
researchers in energy field. The definitions and concepts developed
in the book will be explained through illustrative examples.
With the approach of the 21st century, and the current trends in
manufacturing, the role of computer-controlled flexible
manufacturing an integral part in the success of manufacturing
enterprises. will take Manufacturing environments are changing to
small batch (with batch sizes diminishing to a quantity of one),
larger product variety, produc tion on demand with low lead times,
with the ability to be 'agile.' This is in stark contrast to
conventional manufacturing which has relied on economies of scale,
and where change is viewed as a disruption and is therefore
detrimental to production. Computer integrated manufac turing (CIM)
and flexible manufacturing practices are a key component in the
transition from conventional manufacturing to the 'new' manu
facturing environment. While the use of computers in manufacturing,
from controlling indi vidual machines (NC, Robots, AGVs etc.) to
controlling flexible manu facturing systems (FMS) has advanced the
flexibility of manufacturing environments, it is still far from
reaching its full potential in the environment of the future. Great
strides have been made in individual technologies and control of
FMS has been the subject of considerable research, but computerized
shop floor control is not nearly as flexible or integrated as hyped
in industrial and academic literature. In fact, the integrated
systems have lagged far behind what could be achieved with existing
technology."
With the approach of the 21st century, and the current trends in
manufacturing, the role of computer-controlled flexible
manufacturing an integral part in the success of manufacturing
enterprises. will take Manufacturing environments are changing to
small batch (with batch sizes diminishing to a quantity of one),
larger product variety, produc tion on demand with low lead times,
with the ability to be 'agile.' This is in stark contrast to
conventional manufacturing which has relied on economies of scale,
and where change is viewed as a disruption and is therefore
detrimental to production. Computer integrated manufac turing (CIM)
and flexible manufacturing practices are a key component in the
transition from conventional manufacturing to the 'new' manu
facturing environment. While the use of computers in manufacturing,
from controlling indi vidual machines (NC, Robots, AGVs etc.) to
controlling flexible manu facturing systems (FMS) has advanced the
flexibility of manufacturing environments, it is still far from
reaching its full potential in the environment of the future. Great
strides have been made in individual technologies and control of
FMS has been the subject of considerable research, but computerized
shop floor control is not nearly as flexible or integrated as hyped
in industrial and academic literature. In fact, the integrated
systems have lagged far behind what could be achieved with existing
technology."
Industrial Catalytic Processes for Fine and Specialty Chemicals
provides a comprehensive methodology and state-of-the art toolbox
for industrial catalysis. The book begins by introducing the reader
to the interesting, challenging, and important field of catalysis
and catalytic processes. The fundamentals of catalysis and
catalytic processes are fully covered before delving into the
important industrial applications of catalysis and catalytic
processes, with an emphasis on green and sustainable technologies.
Several case studies illustrate new and sustainable ways of
designing catalysts and catalytic processes. The intended audience
of the book includes researchers in academia and industry, as well
as chemical engineers, process development chemists, and
technologists working in chemical industries and industrial
research laboratories.
In this concise yet comprehensive guide to the mathematics of
modern portfolio theory the authors discuss mean-variance analysis,
factor models, utility theory, stochastic dominance, very long term
investing, the capital asset pricing model, risk measures including
VAR, coherence, market efficiency, rationality and the modelling of
actuarial liabilities. Each topic is clearly explained with
assumptions, mathematics, limitations, problems and solutions
presented in turn. Joshi's trademark style of clarity and
practicality is here brought to classical financial mathematics.
The book is suitable for mathematically trained students in
actuarial studies, business and economics as well as mathematics
and finance, and it can be used for both self-study and as a course
text. The authors' experience as both academics and practitioners
brings clarity and relevance to the book, whilst ensuring that the
limitations of models are highlighted.
Tips Unveiled Within from Experienced Professionals
This book is about hope and wisdom for those dealing with autistic
spectrum disorder and about a community of professionals, parents,
and friends who stand together to support and learn from one
another. In this book, each group gives voice to their unique
viewpoint, efforts, joys, and frustrations. This book is about
seeing children with autism through each community member's eyes.
One thing common to all of them is the utmost respect for life, and
a driving desire to help autistic children. The characters are
fictional, but the information they give is based on real
experience over the author's 25 years in developing educational
programs for children with autism and other children with special
needs. This book can be a reference for in-house workshops in
schools, and as supplemental reading for introductory courses in
psychology and education. It can be a resource for pediatricians,
family physicians, and parents about other professionals who work
with and support children with autistic spectrum disorder.
This book journeys into one of the most fascinating intellectual
adventures of recent decades - understanding and exploring the
final fate of massive collapsing stars in the universe. The issue
is of great interest in fundamental physics and cosmology today,
from both the perspective of gravitation theory and of modern
astrophysical observations. This is a revolution in the making and
may be intimately connected to our search for a unified
understanding of the basic forces of nature, namely gravity that
governs the cosmological universe, and the microscopic forces that
include quantum phenomena. According to the general theory of
relativity, a massive star that collapses catastrophically under
its own gravity when it runs out of its internal nuclear fuel must
give rise to a space-time singularity. Such singularities are
regions in the universe where all physical quantities take their
extreme values and become arbitrarily large. The singularities may
be covered within a black hole, or visible to faraway observers in
the universe. Thus, the final fate of a collapsing massive star is
either a black hole or a visible naked singularity. We discuss here
recent results and developments on the gravitational collapse of
massive stars and possible observational implications when naked
singularities happen in the universe. Large collapsing massive
stars and the resulting space-time singularities may even provide a
laboratory in the cosmos where one could test the unification
possibilities of basic forces of nature.
This book journeys into one of the most fascinating intellectual
adventures of recent decades - understanding and exploring the
final fate of massive collapsing stars in the universe. The issue
is of great interest in fundamental physics and cosmology today,
from both the perspective of gravitation theory and of modern
astrophysical observations. This is a revolution in the making and
may be intimately connected to our search for a unified
understanding of the basic forces of nature, namely gravity that
governs the cosmological universe, and the microscopic forces that
include quantum phenomena. According to the general theory of
relativity, a massive star that collapses catastrophically under
its own gravity when it runs out of its internal nuclear fuel must
give rise to a space-time singularity. Such singularities are
regions in the universe where all physical quantities take their
extreme values and become arbitrarily large. The singularities may
be covered within a black hole, or visible to faraway observers in
the universe. Thus, the final fate of a collapsing massive star is
either a black hole or a visible naked singularity. We discuss here
recent results and developments on the gravitational collapse of
massive stars and possible observational implications when naked
singularities happen in the universe. Large collapsing massive
stars and the resulting space-time singularities may even provide a
laboratory in the cosmos where one could test the unification
possibilities of basic forces of nature.
Physical phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology involve
gravitational collapse in a fundamental way. The final fate of a
massive star when it collapses under its own gravity at the end of
its life cycle is one of the most important questions in
gravitation theory and relativistic astrophysics, and is the
foundation of black hole physics. General relativity predicts that
continual gravitational collapse gives rise to a space-time
singularity. Quantum gravity may take over in such regimes to
resolve the classical space-time singularity. This book
investigates these issues, and shows how the visible ultra-dense
regions arise naturally and generically as an outcome of dynamical
gravitational collapse. It will be of interest to graduate students
and academic researchers in gravitation physics, fundamental
physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. It includes a detailed review
of research into gravitational collapse, and several examples of
collapse models are investigated in detail.
An ideal introduction for those starting out as practitioners of
mathematical finance, this book provides a clear understanding of
the intuition behind derivatives pricing, how models are
implemented, and how they are used and adapted in practice.
Strengths and weaknesses of different models, e.g. Black-Scholes,
stochastic volatility, jump-diffusion and variance gamma, are
examined. Both the theory and the implementation of the
industry-standard LIBOR market model are considered in detail. Each
pricing problem is approached using multiple techniques including
the well-known PDE and martingale approaches. This second edition
contains many more worked examples and over 200 exercises with
detailed solutions. Extensive appendices provide a guide to jargon,
a recap of the elements of probability theory, and a collection of
computer projects. The author brings to this book a blend of
practical experience and rigorous mathematical background and
supplies here the working knowledge needed to become a good
quantitative analyst.
Physical phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology involve
gravitational collapse in a fundamental way. The final fate of a
massive star when it collapses under its own gravity at the end of
its life cycle is one of the most important questions in
gravitation theory and relativistic astrophysics, and is the
foundation of black hole physics. General relativity predicts that
continual gravitational collapse gives rise to a space-time
singularity. Quantum gravity may take over in such regimes to
resolve the classical space-time singularity. This book
investigates these issues, and shows how the visible ultra-dense
regions arise naturally and generically as an outcome of dynamical
gravitational collapse. It will be of interest to graduate students
and academic researchers in gravitation physics, fundamental
physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. It includes a detailed review
of recent research into gravitational collapse, and several
examples of collapse models are investigated in detail.
Basic to the entire theory and applications of black hole physics
Global Aspects in Gravitation and Cosmology covers the topics
needed to understand the current key issues in gravitation theory:
cosmology and black holes. Emphasized is the basic theme that the
very nature of the gravitational field is such that global features
of space-time inevitably come into play whenever we try to
understand and interpret this force in detail. After discussing the
fundamental role played by global considerations in gravity and
general relativity, Joshi points out the significant problems that
remain. The key problem of which been the issue of quantum effects
in strong gravity fields, an understanding of which is essential to
formulate any quantum theory of gravity. This book will be
beneficial to mathematicians and physicists.
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