This book addresses the rapidly developing class of solar cell materials and designed to provide much needed information on the fundamental principles of these materials, together with how these are employed in photovoltaic applications. A special emphasize have been given for the space applications through study of radiation tolerant solar cells. This book present a comprehensive research outlining progress on the synthesis, fabrication and application of solar cells from fundamental to device technology and is helpful for graduate students, researchers, and technologists engaged in research and development of materials.

With its unique focus on specifically addressing the problems for societies and economies associated with corrosion and their solution, this book provides an up-to-date overview of the progress in corrosion chemistry and engineering. International experts actively involved in research and development place particular emphasis on how to counter the economic and environmental consequences of corrosion with the help of science and technology, making this a valuable resource for researchers as well as decision makers in industry and politics. Further major parts of the book are devoted to corrosion prevention in the naval and energy sector as well as to corrosion monitoring and waste management.

This book addresses the rapidly developing class of solar cell materials and designed to provide much needed information on the fundamental principles of these materials, together with how these are employed in photovoltaic applications. A special emphasize have been given for the space applications through study of radiation tolerant solar cells. This book present a comprehensive research outlining progress on the synthesis, fabrication and application of solar cells from fundamental to device technology and is helpful for graduate students, researchers, and technologists engaged in research and development of materials.

A highly practical and accessible guide for food scientists and engineers

This unique manual combines in-depth coverage of the principles of food process engineering with a complete set of laboratory experiments illustrating their practical applications. The nineteen chapters clearly lay out all major areas of food manufacturing; explore a variety of products; and emphasize the interplay between the engineering, chemistry, microbiological, and sensory aspects involved. Topics range from linear programming techniques for product development to the rheology of liquid and semisolid foods to drying, heating, frying, and extrusion cooking of different foods. Plus, Food Process Engineering provides readers with essential quantitative tools that can be applied to diverse food manufacturing operations. Special features include:
* Thorough, lucid explanations of the underlying science for each process
* Complete, step-by-step experimental protocols
* Descriptions of necessary equipment as well as proper operating procedures
* Worked-out examples for important calculations such as Poisson ratio, flex modulus, and lethality
* Information on useful computer simulation tests and spreadsheets
* Detailed analysis and interpretation for each experiment

The use of synthetic chemical dyes in various industrial processes, including paper and pulp manufacturing, plastics, dyeing of cloth, leather treatment and printing, has increased considerably over the last few years, resulting in the release of dye-containing industrial effluents into the soil and aquatic ecosystems. The textile industry generates high-polluting wastewaters and their treatment is a very serious problem due to high total dissolved solids (TDS), presence of toxic heavy metals, and the non-biodegradable nature of the dyestuffs in the effluent. The chapters in this book provide an overview of the problem and its solution from different angles. These problems and solutions are presented in a genuinely holistic way by world-renowned researchers. Discussed are various promising techniques to remove dyes, including the use of nanotechnology, ultrasound, microwave, catalysts, biosorption, enzymatic treatments, advanced oxidation processes, etc., all of which are "green." Green Chemistry for Dyes Removal from Wastewater comprehensively discusses: Different types of dyes, their working and methodologies and various physical, chemical and biological treatment methods employed Application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in dye removal whereby highly reactive hydroxyl radicals are generated chemically, photochemically and/or by radiolytic/ sonolytic means. The potential of ultrasound as an AOP is discussed as well. Nanotechnology in the treatment of dye removal types of adsorbents for removal of toxic pollutants from aquatic systems Photocatalytic oxidation process for dye degradation under both UV and visible light, application of solar light and solar photoreactor in dye degradation

Soybean yield and growth found significantly by use of organic and 50% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. The highest gross and net return was obtained due to INM followed by RDF, pure organic. Farm Yard Manure and organic residue gave higher Mean Weighted Diameter compared to chemical fertilizers. The porosity ranged from 46.97% to 55.60% in different treatments and was highest in the treatment T6 (FYM + N20 P13) and lowest in case of control. The application of organic manure considerably decreases the penetration force.

During the last 50 years, vegetable production has increased tremendously due to enhanced consumption of chemical fertilizers. Now, there are indications that the highly productive fertilizer and seed technologies introduced over the past several decades may be reaching a point of diminishing returns.Health and ecological hazards and depletion of non-renewable sources of energy etc. are some of the features of long-term usage of indiscriminate and unbalanced chemical fertilizers. Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crop of the world grown over an area of 3.95 million hectares producing 102.26 million MT annually. Experiments using bio-fertilizers have been done throughout the globe but very scanty information is available on their methods of application and their integrated use with synthetic fertilizers in tomato crop. This book therefore, provides newer approach for increasing crop yields, sustaining them at a high level and maintaining proper soil and human health by including an integrated approach of organic and inorganic fertilizers and also of organic and biofertilizer combination, thus excluding chemical fertilizers altogether in tomato.