This publication summarizes the current status of our understanding of RNA, with particular emphasis on the chemistry of this key biological molecule. The various RNAs covered are messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA and RNA enzymes (ribozymes). The different chapters detail biophysical and chemical methods to investigate RNA structure and function, the synthesis of native and modified RNAs and the latest advances in our understanding of the vast array of biological processes in which RNA is involved.

A complete guide to the most important reduction method in organic synthesis

The most comprehensive reference in the field, Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation for Organic Synthesis provides synthetic chemists and chemical engineers in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals with detailed experimental guidelines for heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation. Organized by functional groups for ready reference and featuring detailed examples of hundreds of reactions, this handbook covers hydrogenations of alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes and ketones, nitriles, imines, nitro and nitroso compounds, carboxylic acids and esters, and aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. In addition, coverage includes the preparation of amines by reductive alkylation and the hydrogenolysis of a variety of compounds. Examples of hydrogenation of functional groups and reaction pathways are illustrated with numerous equations and schemes.

Practitioners will appreciate the plenitude of experimental details given for most of the reactions selected, including amounts of reagents and catalysts, reaction temperatures, hydrogen pressures, and reaction times. They will also find helpful the more than one hundred tables included throughout the book detailing the effects of key factors governing rate and selectivity, such as compound structure, the nature of catalysts and supports, and the nature of solvents. Researchers will benefit from the introductory chapters covering an array of hydrogenation catalysts, including nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, platinum group metals, rhenium, and other oxide and sulfide catalysts, as well as reactors and reaction conditions.

Applied genetic research, genetic toxicology and mutation research investigate the mutagenicity and cancerogenicity of chemicals and other agents. Permanent mutation in genes and chromosomes, can be induced by aplethora of agents, including ionizing and nonionizing radiations, chemicals, and viruses. Among the aspects discused by Advances in Mutagenesis Research are (1) the understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to mutations, and (2) the prevention of a thoughtless introduction of mutagenic agents into the environment. Contents: Nikolay W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky (1900-1981): An Essay on his Life and Scientific Achievements. - Arylnitrenium Ions and the Genotoxic Potency of Aromatic Amines and Nitro Compounds. - Analysisof Mutagenicity and Chemical Structure in Various Series of Related Compounds. - Formation of 8-Hydroxyguanine by Oxidative DNA Damage, its Repair and its Mutagenic Effects. - Exploring Genetic and Non-Genetic Relationships: The Induction of Micronuclei. - Mechanisms of Induced Mutagenesis by Ultraviolet Light in Escherichia coli. - Polytene Chromosomes in Mutagenesis. Three-Way Differential Stainingof Chromosomes for the Identification of SCEs per Cell Cycle: Fundamentals and Applications. - The Mammalian Centromere: Centromere Separation, Kinetochore Proteins and Aneuploidy. - Chorionic Villi Analysis. - ExploringGenetic and Non-Genetic Relationships: The Induction of Micronuclei.

Applied genetic research, genetic toxicology and mutation research investigate the mutagenicity and cancerogenicity of chemicals and other agents. Permanent mutation in genes and chromosomes, can be induced by a plethora of agents, including ionizing and nonionizing radiations, chemicals, and viruses. Among the aspects discussed by Advances in Mutagenesis Research are (1) the understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to mutations, and (2) the prevention of a thoughtless introduction of mutagenic agents into the environment.