Harmonic Analysis is an important tool that plays a vital role in many areas of mathematics as well as applications. It studies functions by decomposing them into components that are special functions. A prime example is decomposing a periodic function into a linear combination of sines and cosines. The subject is vast, and this book covers only the selection of topics that was dealt with in the course given at the Courant Institute in 2000 and 2019. These include standard topics like Fourier series and Fourier transforms of functions, as well as issues of convergence of Abel, Feier, and Poisson sums. At a slightly more advanced level the book studies convolutions with singular integrals, fractional derivatives, Sobolev spaces, embedding theorems, Hardy spaces, and BMO. Applications to elliptic partial differential equations and prediction theory are explored. Some space is devoted to harmonic analysis on compact non-Abelian groups and their representations, including some details about two groups: the permutation group and SO(3). The text contains exercises at the end of most chapters and is suitable for advanced undergraduate students as well as first- or second-year graduate students specializing in the areas of analysis, PDE, probability or applied mathematics.

This book gathers selected papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, held at CMS College, Kerala, India, on 7-10 January 2019. It showcases high-quality research conducted in the field of applied probability and stochastic processes by focusing on techniques for the modelling and analysis of systems evolving with time. Further, it discusses the applications of stochastic modelling in queuing theory, reliability, inventory, financial mathematics, operations research, and more. This book is intended for a broad audience, ranging from researchers interested in applied probability, stochastic modelling with reference to queuing theory, inventory, and reliability, to those working in industries such as communication and computer networks, distributed information systems, next-generation communication systems, intelligent transportation networks, and financial markets.

Contents: Azencott, R. : Large deviations and applications.- Freidlin, Mark I. Semi-linear PDE's and limit theorems for large deviations- Varadhan, Srinivasa R.S.: Large deviations and applications.

This volume contains the text of four sets of lectures delivered at the third session of the Summer School organized by C.I.M.E. (Centro Internazionale Matematico Estivo). These texts are preceded by an introduction written by C. Cercignani and M. Pulvirenti which summarizes the present status in the area of Nonequilibrium Problems in Many-Particle Systems and tries to put the contents of the different sets of lectures in the right perspective, in order to orient the reader. The lectures deal with the global existence of weak solutions for kinetic models and related topics, the basic concepts of non-standard analysis and their application to gas kinetics, the kinetic equations for semiconductors and the entropy methods in the study of hydrodynamic limits. CONTENTS: C. Cercignani, M. Pulvirenti: Nonequilibrium Problems in Many-Particle Systems. An Introduction.- L. Arkeryd: Some Examples of NSA in Kinetic Theory.- P.L. Lions: Global Solutions of Kinetic Models and Related Problems.- P.A. Markowich: Kinetic Models for Semiconductors.- S.R.S. Varadhan: Entropy Methods in Hydrodynamic Scaling.

From the Preface: Srinivasa Varadhan began his research career at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Calcutta, where he started as a graduate student in 1959. His first paper appeared in Sankhya, the Indian Journal of Statistics in 1962. Together with his fellow students V. S. Varadarajan, R. Ranga Rao and K. R. Parthasarathy, Varadhan began the study of probability on topological groups and on Hilbert spaces, and quickly gained an international reputation. At this time Varadhan realised that there are strong connections between Markov processes and differential equations, and in 1963 he came to the Courant Institute in New York, where he has stayed ever since. Here he began working with the probabilists Monroe Donsker and Marc Kac, and a graduate student named Daniel Stroock. He wrote a series of papers on the Martingale Problem and Diffusions together with Stroock, and another series of papers on Large Deviations together with Donsker. With this work Varadhan's reputation as one of the leading mathematicians of the time was firmly established. Since then he has contributed to several other areas of probability, analysis and physics, and collaborated with numerous distinguished mathematicians. Varadhan was awarded the Abel Prize in 2007. These Collected Works contain all his research papers over the half-century spanning 1962 to early 2012. Volume I includes the introductory material, the papers on limit theorems and review articles.

From the Preface: Srinivasa Varadhan began his research career at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Calcutta, where he started as a graduate student in 1959. His first paper appeared in Sankhya, the Indian Journal of Statistics in 1962. Together with his fellow students V. S. Varadarajan, R. Ranga Rao and K. R. Parthasarathy, Varadhan began the study of probability on topological groups and on Hilbert spaces, and quickly gained an international reputation. At this time Varadhan realised that there are strong connections between Markov processes and differential equations, and in 1963 he came to the Courant Institute in New York, where he has stayed ever since. Here he began working with the probabilists Monroe Donsker and Marc Kac, and a graduate student named Daniel Stroock. He wrote a series of papers on the Martingale Problem and Diffusions together with Stroock, and another series of papers on Large Deviations together with Donsker. With this work Varadhan's reputation as one of the leading mathematicians of the time was firmly established. Since then he has contributed to several other areas of probability, analysis and physics, and collaborated with numerous distinguished mathematicians. Varadhan was awarded the Abel Prize in 2007. These Collected Works contain all his research papers over the half-century spanning 1962 to early 2012. Volume II includes the papers on PDE, SDE, diffusions, and random media.

From the Preface: Srinivasa Varadhan began his research career at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Calcutta, where he started as a graduate student in 1959. His first paper appeared in Sankhya, the Indian Journal of Statistics in 1962. Together with his fellow students V. S. Varadarajan, R. Ranga Rao and K. R. Parthasarathy, Varadhan began the study of probability on topological groups and on Hilbert spaces, and quickly gained an international reputation. At this time Varadhan realised that there are strong connections between Markov processes and differential equations, and in 1963 he came to the Courant Institute in New York, where he has stayed ever since. Here he began working with the probabilists Monroe Donsker and Marc Kac, and a graduate student named Daniel Stroock. He wrote a series of papers on the Martingale Problem and Diffusions together with Stroock, and another series of papers on Large Deviations together with Donsker. With this work Varadhan's reputation as one of the leading mathematicians of the time was firmly established. Since then he has contributed to several other areas of probability, analysis and physics, and collaborated with numerous distinguished mathematicians. Varadhan was awarded the Abel Prize in 2007. These Collected Works contain all his research papers over the half-century spanning 1962 to early 2012. Volume III includes the papers on large deviations.

From the Preface: Srinivasa Varadhan began his research career at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Calcutta, where he started as a graduate student in 1959. His first paper appeared in Sankhya, the Indian Journal of Statistics in 1962. Together with his fellow students V. S. Varadarajan, R. Ranga Rao and K. R. Parthasarathy, Varadhan began the study of probability on topological groups and on Hilbert spaces, and quickly gained an international reputation. At this time Varadhan realised that there are strong connections between Markov processes and differential equations, and in 1963 he came to the Courant Institute in New York, where he has stayed ever since. Here he began working with the probabilists Monroe Donsker and Marc Kac, and a graduate student named Daniel Stroock. He wrote a series of papers on the Martingale Problem and Diffusions together with Stroock, and another series of papers on Large Deviations together with Donsker. With this work Varadhan's reputation as one of the leading mathematicians of the time was firmly established. Since then he has contributed to several other areas of probability, analysis and physics, and collaborated with numerous distinguished mathematicians. Varadhan was awarded the Abel Prize in 2007. These Collected Works contain all his research papers over the half-century spanning 1962 to early 2012. Volume IV includes the papers on particle systems.

The theory of large deviations deals with rates at which probabilities of certain events decay as a natural parameter in the problem varies. This book, which is based on a graduate course on large deviations at the Courant Institute, focuses on three concrete sets of examples: (i) diffusions with small noise and the exit problem, (ii) large time behavior of Markov processes and their connection to the Feynman-Kac formula and the related large deviation behavior of the number of distinct sites visited by a random walk, and (iii) interacting particle systems, their scaling limits, and large deviations from their expected limits. For the most part the examples are worked out in detail, and in the process the subject of large deviations is developed. The book will give the reader a flavor of how large deviation theory can help in problems that are not posed directly in terms of large deviations. The reader is assumed to have some familiarity with probability, Markov processes, and interacting particle systems.

The central and distinguishing feature shared by all the contributions made by K. Ito is the extraordinary insight which they convey. Reading his papers, one should try to picture the intellectual setting in which he was working. At the time when he was a student in Tokyo during the late 1930s, probability theory had only recently entered the age of continuous-time stochastic processes: N. Wiener had accomplished his amazing construction little more than a decade earlier (Wiener, N. , "Differential space," J. Math. Phys. 2, (1923)), Levy had hardly begun the mysterious web he was to eventually weave out of Wiener's P~!hs, the generalizations started by Kolmogorov (Kol mogorov, A. N. , "Uber die analytische Methoden in der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung," Math Ann. 104 (1931)) and continued by Feller (Feller, W. , "Zur Theorie der stochastischen Prozesse," Math Ann. 113, (1936)) appeared to have little if anything to do with probability theory, and the technical measure-theoretic tours de force of J. L. Doob (Doob, J. L. , "Stochastic processes depending on a continuous parameter, " TAMS 42 (1937)) still appeared impregnable to all but the most erudite. Thus, even at the established mathematical centers in Russia, Western Europe, and America, the theory of stochastic processes was still in its infancy and the student who was asked to learn the subject had better be one who was ready to test his mettle.

This book gathers selected papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, held at CMS College, Kerala, India, on 7-10 January 2019. It showcases high-quality research conducted in the field of applied probability and stochastic processes by focusing on techniques for the modelling and analysis of systems evolving with time. Further, it discusses the applications of stochastic modelling in queuing theory, reliability, inventory, financial mathematics, operations research, and more. This book is intended for a broad audience, ranging from researchers interested in applied probability, stochastic modelling with reference to queuing theory, inventory, and reliability, to those working in industries such as communication and computer networks, distributed information systems, next-generation communication systems, intelligent transportation networks, and financial markets.

This volume presents topics in probability theory covered during a first-year graduate course given at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, USA. The necessary background material in measure theory is developed, including the standard topics, such as extension theorem, construction of measures, integration, product spaces, Radon-Nikodym theorem, and conditional expectation In the first part of the book, characteristic functions are introduced, followed by the study of weak convergence of probability distributions. Then both the weak and strong limit theorems for sums of independent random variables are proved, including the weak and strong laws of large numbers, central limit theorems, laws of the iterated logarithm, and the Kolmogorov three series theorem. The first part concludes with infinitely divisible distributions and limit theorems for sums of uniformly infinitesimal independent random variables. The second part of the book mainly deals with dependent random variables, particularly martingales and Markov chains. Topics include standard results regarding discrete parameter martingales and Doob's inequalities.

This is a brief introduction to stochastic processes studying certain elementary continuous-time processes. After a description of the Poisson process and related processes with independent increments as well as a brief look at Markov processes with a finite number of jumps, the author proceeds to introduce Brownian motion and to develop stochastic integrals and Ito's theory in the context of one-dimensional diffusion processes. The book ends with a brief survey of the general theory of Markov processes. The book is based on courses given by the author at the Courant Institute and can be used as a sequel to the author's successful book Probability Theory in this series. Information for our distributors: Titles in this series are co-published with the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University.