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This book covers a wide range of technical issues relating to
lightwave technologies using high coherence lightwaves.
Electromagnetic wave communication started when the first wireless
system was invented by Marconi in 1895. However, we had to wait
about one hundred years to realize a similar technology in the
lightwave frequency region. The invention of lasers in 1960 and two
technology innovations in 1970 -low loss silica fiber and
semiconductor lasers operating at room temperature - promoted the
development of fiber-optic transmission systems. The deployment of
high-speed long-haul fiber-optic transmission systems has led to
the formation of domestic and international trunk networks. The
installed fiber cables in local loop plants provide multimedia
communication services including broadband video. However, present
lightwave communication systems do not fully utilize the fruitful
potential oflightwaves, namely the capacity of extremely high
frequency electromagnetic information carrier waves. The frequency
oflightwaves used for fiber-optic transmission is about 200 THz 14
(2 x 10 Hz), and the frequency bandwidth of the fiber low loss
region is about 13 20 THz (2 x 10 Hz). Recent developments of
narrow spectrum width semiconduc tor laser and planar optical
waveguide devices offer us the possibilities for a new generation
of lightwave-based communication systems. This book focuses on
system aspects ofthe new generation lightwave communi cation
technologies such as optical frequency division multiplexing and
coherent detection. Chapter 1 overviews lightwave communication
system technology."
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