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This is a textbook on stochastic quantization which was originally
proposed by G. Parisi and Y. S. Wu in 1981 and then developed by
many workers. I assume that the reader has finished a standard
course in quantum field theory. The Parisi-Wu stochastic
quantization method gives quantum mechanics as the
thermal-equilibrium limit of a hypothetical stochastic process with
respect to some fictitious time other than ordinary time. We can
consider this to be a third method of quantization; remarkably
different from the conventional theories, i. e, the canonical and
path-integral ones. Over the past ten years, we have seen the
technical merits of this method in quantizing gauge fields and in
performing large numerical simulations, which have never been
obtained by the other methods. I believe that the stochastic
quantization method has the potential to extend the territory of
quantum mechanics and of quantum field theory. However, I should
remark that stochastic quantization is still under development
through many mathematical improvements and physical applications,
and also that the fictitious time of the theory is only a
mathematical tool, for which we do not yet know its origin in the
physical background. For these reasons, in this book, I attempt to
describe its theoretical formulation in detail as well as practical
achievements.
Section Guide 1. Prolegomena 2. Biographical Sketch 3. Epistemology
4. Textbook Ontology 1. PROLEGOMENA While both philosophers and
historians almost always love truth and the search for truth, and
both often carry out extensive research, there can be noticeable
differences when historians write about the history of philosophy
and when philosophers write about it. Philosophers often look at
the past with categories and interests taken from the present or at
the least from the recent past, but many historians, especially
those who love research for its own sake, will try to look at the
past from a perspective either from that period or from even
earlier. Both camps look for roots, but view them with different
lenses and presupposi tions. This prolegomena has been added to
prepare some philosophers for what will hopefully only be the
mildest of shocks, for seeing the history of philosophy in a way
which does not treat what is recent or latest as best, but which
loves the context of ideas for its own sake, a context which can be
very foreign to contemporary likes and dislikes. To be sure, we
historians can deceive ourselves as easily as philosophers, but we
tend to do so about different things.
Section Guide 1. Prolegomena 2. Biographical Sketch 3. Epistemology
4. Textbook Ontology 1. PROLEGOMENA While both philosophers and
historians almost always love truth and the search for truth, and
both often carry out extensive research, there can be noticeable
differences when historians write about the history of philosophy
and when philosophers write about it. Philosophers often look at
the past with categories and interests taken from the present or at
the least from the recent past, but many historians, especially
those who love research for its own sake, will try to look at the
past from a perspective either from that period or from even
earlier. Both camps look for roots, but view them with different
lenses and presupposi tions. This prolegomena has been added to
prepare some philosophers for what will hopefully only be the
mildest of shocks, for seeing the history of philosophy in a way
which does not treat what is recent or latest as best, but which
loves the context of ideas for its own sake, a context which can be
very foreign to contemporary likes and dislikes. To be sure, we
historians can deceive ourselves as easily as philosophers, but we
tend to do so about different things.
This book presents current research from across the globe in the
study of diamond-like carbon films. Topics discussed include the
peculiarities of ion-beam synthesis of carbon-based phases;
electron field emission properties of non-metal and metal doped
diamond like carbon; internal stress and its reduction of
hydrogenated diamond-like carbon thin films deposited by plasma CVD
methods; incorporating crystalline diamond particles in
diamond-like carbon films to improve their properties and
diamond-like carbon films applied as an alignment layer for LCDs.
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