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Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important
social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States
(Report on the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control,
"America Burning," 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life
and property-12,000 lives lost annually due to fire and these
deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases; 300,000
fire injuries; 11. 4 billion dollars in fire cost of which 2. 7
billion dollars is related to property loss; a billion dollars to
burn injury treatment; and 3. 3 billion dollars in productivity
loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be
attributed to fire situations. In relation to this, polymer
flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important
social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant
polymeric materials is a current example where the initiative for
major scientific and technological developments is motivated by
sociological pressure and legisla tion. This is part of the
important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for
future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life
situations-housing, work areas, transportation, clothing and so
forth the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens"
live. As a result, flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a
specific class of materials leading to new and diversified
scientific and technological ventures."
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