In Pakistan Citrus has an important value as fruit plant. The present day citrus is delectable, juicy, and seedless is of great nutritional significance as well. Citrus is a member of Rutaceae family and grown in varying densities in countries with tropical or subtropical climates. Its delicious edible varieties are Kinnow, Pine apple, Valencia late, Grape fruit, Blood red, Chinese lime, Mayer lime, Sweet lime, Fuetrell's early, Jaffa, Succari, Tangrin, Mungal Singh, and Musambi etc. It is used as best source of Vitamin C, sugars, amino acids and other nutrients. It has been reported that citrus prevent liver, lung and skin cancer, heart diseases, birth defects and also contributes to a balance and healthy life style. Citrus has been regarded as Queen of all fruits world wide citrus stands first in area and production.Pakistan has versatile climatic conditions and nearly all types of fruits might be produced successfully. A large area of Pakistan has sub tropical and tropical climate. Citrus being a fruit of these climates, receives more attention as compared to other fruits.

Sugarcane has become an important crop, but the crop suffers huge losses due to recurrent borers. This document guides successfully to lead a program towards sugarcane transformation to achieve insect resistance in sugarcane to cope with borer caterpillars which become impossible to eradicate after these get into the sugarcane plant.Tissue culture remains a constraint as prerequisite towards successful genetic transformation of crop plants.All these necessary aspects are covered in the text.

Judicious use of fertilizer is a serious feature in allowing crops to recognize their full yield potential. It is an unfriendly and expensive practice to use chemicals against vector. The resistance of plants to diseases is mainly related to genetics. However, the ability of the plant to express its induced resistance to a particular disease is affected by mineral nutrition. Nutrient elements either single or combined application of boron with zinc had significant effect in reducing viral diseases in winter mungbean. It appears that resistance or tolerance of plant is metabolically boosted up by the application of nutrients. Use of resistant crop varieties is regarded as an economical and durable method for controlling plant diseases especially those caused by viruses. Epidemiological factors play an ideal role in the development of ULCV.