The book is made up of 21 chapters from 25 presentations at the 23rd MAVI conference in Essen, which featured Alan Schoenfeld as keynote speaker. Of major interest to MAVI participants is the relationship between teachers' professed beliefs and classroom practice. The first section is dedicated to classroom practices and beliefs regarding those practices, taking a look at prospective or practicing teachers' views of different practices such as decision-making, the roles of explanations, problem-solving, patterning, and the use of play. The focus of the second section in this book deals with teacher change, which is notoriously difficult, even when the teachers themselves are interested in changing their practice. The third section of this book centers on the undercurrents of teaching and learning mathematics, what rises in various situations, causing tensions and inconsistencies. The last section of this book takes a look at emerging themes in affect-related research. In this section, papers discuss attitudes towards assessment.

The use of Likert scale instruments for measuring teachers' beliefs is criticized because of amplifying social desirability, reducing the willingness to make differentiations, and often providing less or no contexts. Those weaknesses may distort teachers' responses to a Likert scale instrument, causing inconsistencies between their responses and their actions. Therefore, the author offers an alternative approach by employing rank-then-rate items and considering students' abilities as one of the factors affecting teachers' beliefs. The results confirm that the offered approach may give a better prediction about teachers' beliefs than does a Likert scale instrument.