Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection worldwide. Over half of the world's population live in areas at risk of dengue infection. The disease is transmitted principally by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Dengue Outbreaks were recorded in all countries of the Indian Subcontinent with Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka resulting in huge number of cases and deaths. It is a disease caused by four serotypes of a same virus i.e. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4. In all major outbreaks, DENV2 and DENV3 were recorded as dominating and disastrous serotypes in the region. Climate is a vital factor influencing DF outbreaks; temperature, humidity, rainfall and flood play a fundamental role in DF outbreaks, as providing optimum conditions for vector population growth.Presently, prime prevention of dengue is possible only with vector control and personal protection from the bites of infected mosquitoes.

Enzymes are biological catalysts which accelerate the chemical reactions in living things without being consumed. A catalyst is a material which builds a chemical reaction goes faster, without itself being altered. A catalyst can be utilized again and again in a chemical reaction: it is available again for same function. Enzymes are exceptionally the same apart from that they are simply denatured by heating. This book discussed about the history of enzymes, Production criteria, biotechnology, classification, Kinetics and Enzyme applications. Enzyme biotechnology involves the utilization of microorganisms such as yeast, mold or bacteria, and enzymes to make goods and services is a promising field in modern biotechnology. I am looking forward to work in a professional and competitive environment where It can put my best efforts, hard work and skills to bring up the organization and myself too. I am also a life long learner and am determined to become a knowledge professional for keeping abreast with changing technology.

Pigments or biochrome are the substances present in all living matter and play basic roles in the development of living organisms including plants. Plants use these pigments for the variety of functions including photosynthesis, signaling, to ward off herbivores and attracting pollinating and dispersal agents. The most common plant pigments are chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains and anthocyanins. In fact, chlorophylls are the most important organic compounds, essential for photosynthesis. Carotenoids presents in plants are usually play their roles in both nutrition and photosynthesis and are necessary for the survival of both mammals and plants. They also served as precursors of plant hormone abscisic acid in higher plants. Another role of carotenoids is to protect photosynthetic organisms against potentially harmful photooxidative processes. Betalains are nitrogen containing water soluble compound, belonging to the families of Caryophyllales, except for Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae. Betalains are classified into yellow betaxanthins and red betacyanins and are immonium conjugates of betalamic acid. Anthocyanins are water soluble vacuolar pigments belonging to flavonoids. They appear in plants as blue, red or purple depending on the pH and synthesized through phenylpropanoid pathway. As these plant pigments are of many roles including structural to physiological functions in cells therefore special consideration has been given in this book to their salient characteristics, some biosynthesis and their chemical and biochemical role in different fields. Special attention is also given to specific role of these plant pigments in bioassays regarding the human health. Methodological applications for these pigments are also deeply demonstrated in few chapters including the In silico study for diversifying the molecular pathway of pigment formation.