Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant, especially due to its anthropogenic activity.The present study aimed to investigate some of the toxic effects of lead exposure in quails and its amelioration through vitamin E supplementation. A total number of 420, day old chicks of Japanese quail were assigned seven dietary treatments.. Control group received only basal diet without any supplementation. Other groups received lead (Pb) alone or in different combinations with vitamin E. Lead (Pb) was administered in the feed at a dose level of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg Pb. Vitamin E was administered in the feed at a dose level of 40mg/kg vit E .The body weight of each bird was weighed weekly and found significant changes in the weight of quails. Pathological lesions in lead (Pb) fed birds included enlarged, pale, friable liver and swollen kidneys.On the other hand, supplementation of vitamins E in lead intoxicated birds showed ameliorative effects in Lead (pb) toxicity. It was concluded that the vitamin E ameliorated the lead induced toxic effects in some of parameters studied

This study was carried out on 90 one-day-old broiler chicks to know clinico-hematological alterations, DNA damage caused by cypermethrin (CY), and attenuation of toxic effects by vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se). Birds were randomly divided into five equal groups.Birds were monitored twice daily for clinical signs. They were weighed and blood samples were collected for hematological studies. CY-treated birds showed more prominent signs of toxicity compared to CY+Vit E, CY+Se and CY+Vit E+Se birds. Body weight in groups 1-3 was significantly (P>0.05) smaller at days 20 and 30 when compared with the control group. Significantly (P>0.001) higher numbers of micronuclei appeared in chicks treated with CY compared to CY+Vit E- and CY+Se-treated birds. Significantly decreased total erythrocyte counts (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in all treated groups were recorded.It can be concluded that CY induces toxic effects in broilers chicks; however, these toxic effects can be ameliorated by Vit E or Se. Combination of Vit E and Se was more effective to ameliorate toxic effects of cypermethrin.

Mycotoxins can affect human health directly or indirectly (food chain). The mycotoxin causes human illness by acting as immunosuppressive and carcinogenic agent when ingested with different food items. Mycoses are the best-known diseases of fungal etiology and its toxic secondary metabolites also cause important health hazards. Thus, it concludes that mycotoxins pose an important risk factor to human as well as animal health. This study will help in better understandings about effects of mycotoxins on birds' health. The present study was designed to investigate pathological and immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxinB1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) in broiler chicks. Study was conducted on 270 broiler chicks. After exposure of mycotoxin, kidney and liver showed significant increase in weight. Serum alanine aminotransferase and total serum proteins were significantly increased and decreased, respectively. Serum urea and creatinine were significantly increased after exposure. This all increased their susceptibility to infections. This study suggested that AFB1 & OTA show synergistic effects in developing different pathological changes in the body of chicks.

This study was done to explore the toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 alone and in combination with Ochratoxin A in quail chicks. Day old quail chicks divided into seven equal groups (G0-G6) were administered with aflatoxin (AFB1) and ochratoxin (OTA) alone or in different combinations in feed. Ochratoxin was administered at dose levels of 1 and 1.5 ppm alone and 2ppm OTA in combination with 1 ppm AFB1 in G1, G2 and G3 respectively. AFB1 was administered daily into feed at dose rates of 1 and 1.5 ppm alone and 2ppm AFB1 in combination with 1 ppm OTA in G4, G5 and G6 respectively. Quail chicks fed ochratoxin had decreased feed intake and body weight. Quail chicks administered AFB1 alone showed depression, decrease in feed intake and body weight. Hematological parameters exhibit a decreasing pattern including TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV and ESR. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations increased while total serum proteins decreased. A concurrent administration of AFB1 with ochratoxin indicated a potentiation of the toxicity reflected by increased severity of clinical signs, mortality of the chicks and decreased body weights. Other parameters studied did not show significant differences.