This volume contains the proceedings of the East Asia Joint Symposium on Fields and Strings 2021, held at the Media Center of Osaka City University on November 22-27, 2021. About 160 physicists from all over East Asia attended physically or joined online this symposium and more than 50 researchers presented their results in the invited lectures, the short talks or the poster session. Quantum field theory and string theory in the context of several exciting developments were discussed, which include frontiers of supersymmetric gauge theory, anomalies and higher form symmetries, and several issues on quantum gravity and black holes.

The traditional and mainstream conception of international law presupposes a certain ideal type of State. However, each State is situated in a particular context - an Etat situe - and the universal, impartial and non-discriminatory application of international law to each State often produces unjustifiable results in the real world. International law thus needs to cope with this existential question in order to ensure and maintain the effectiveness of the international legal order, without, however, being trapped by a nihilistic relativism. This approach requires a flexible understanding and reconstruction of the international law-making theory. The present collection of essays gathers contributions written in honour of Professor Ryuichi Ida by his colleagues and former students, inspired by the dedicataire, who places particular emphasis upon the context, effectiveness and purposes of international law. The dedicataire's perspective finds wide ranging applications and the present collection deals with international economic law, international criminal law, international environmental law, international law-making, the law of State responsibility and the law of international organizations. Contributors are: Tatsuya Abe, Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Shotaro Hamamoto, Machiko Kanetake, Tomohiko Kobayashi, Tomonori Mizushima, Hironobu Sakai, Akiho Shibata, Mari Takeuchi, Dai Tamada, Sakda Thanitcul, Zhi-an Wang, and Takuhei Yamada.

This book is designed for graduate students to acquire knowledge of dimension theory, ANR theory (theory of retracts), and related topics. These two theories are connected with various fields in geometric topology and in general topology as well. Hence, for students who wish to research subjects in general and geometric topology, understanding these theories will be valuable. Many proofs are illustrated by figures or diagrams, making it easier to understand the ideas of those proofs. Although exercises as such are not included, some results are given with only a sketch of their proofs. Completing the proofs in detail provides good exercise and training for graduate students and will be useful in graduate classes or seminars.

Researchers should also find this book very helpful, because it contains many subjects that are not presented in usual textbooks, e.g., dim "X" x I = dim "X" + 1 for a metrizable space "X"; the difference between the small and large inductive dimensions; a hereditarily infinite-dimensional space; the ANR-ness of locally contractible countable-dimensional metrizable spaces; an infinite-dimensional space with finite cohomological dimension; a dimension raising cell-like map; and a non-AR metric linear space. The final chapter enables students to understand how deeply related the two theories are.

Simplicial complexes are very useful in topology and are indispensable for studying the theories of both dimension and ANRs. There are many textbooks from which some knowledge of these subjects can be obtained, but no textbook discusses non-locally finite simplicial complexes in detail. So, when we encounter them, we have to refer to the original papers. For instance, J.H.C. Whitehead's theorem on small subdivisions is very important, but its proof cannot be found in any textbook. The homotopy type of simplicial complexes is discussed in textbooks on algebraic topology using CW complexes, but geometrical arguments using simplicial complexes are rather easy."

In their analysis of experiments and in their planning of syntheses, organic chemistsconsciouslyorunconsciouslytendtousetheprincipleofleastmotion, thechemicalequivalentofOccam'srazor. Inrearrangementreactionsthispr- ciple is violated and may make rearrangements problematic reactions. At the sametime, thereisalwaysfascinationintheunexpectedandsorearrangement reactionsarealsoanattractive?eldofstudy. Consequently, ourunderstanding of rearrangement reactions is now quite advanced and allows strategic uses in organic synthesis. Here, a helpful tool that may easily be overlooked is thein?uence oforganosulfurfunctionalitiesontheserearrangements. Infact, the presence of sulfur may make rearrangements predictable and productive or allow speci?c transformations which would otherwise require a tedious synthetic detour. The present account is meant to spread this knowledge. In addition, an introductory chapter gives a survey of the basics of organosulfur chemistry to put the information in the individual chapters into perspective and to help readers who are less familiar with the peculiarities of sulfur in an organicenvironment. Theamountofmaterialrequiringcoveragewassovastthatthevolumehadto besplitintotwoparts. Wehopethatreaderswillappreciatethecomprehensive and up-to-date information on sulfur-mediated rearrangements. Fortunately, leading experts were available to write the individual chapters and provide state-of-the-artreviews ofthecurrent researchonsulfur-mediated rearran- ments. It was a pleasure to work with these colleagues and I appreciate their involvement in spite of many other obligations. This volume should help the chemical community in their synthetic workand so it was worththe effort. Clausthal-Zellerfeld, October 2006 Ernst Schaumann Contents SulfurisMoreThantheFatBrotherofOxygen. AnOverviewofOrganosulfurChemistry E. Schaumann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 RecentAdvancesinPummererReactions S. Akai.Y. Kita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1,2-SulfurMigrations A. W. Sromek.V. Gevorgyan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 1,3-SulfurShifts: MechanismandSyntheticUtility S. K. Bur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 AuthorIndexVolumes251-274. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 ContentsofVolume275 Sulfur-MediatedRearrangementsII Volume Editor: Ernst Schaumann ISBN: 978-3-540-68099-4 2,3]-Sigmatropic RearrangementsofAllylic Sulfur Compounds M. Reggelin 2,3]Sigmatropic RearrangementsofPropargylic andAllenicSystems S. Braverman .M."

Translation, Biopolitics, Colonial Difference, the fourth book in the Traces series, focuses on the problems of translation and the political dynamics surrounding multiplicity - linguistic, regional, transnational, and civilizational - today. The international group of authors deal, both theoretically and empirically, with the historical obstacles and future opportunities offered by an emerging global order that is still struggling with the legacy of the previous four centuries of Eurocentric capitalist development. The authors amply illustrate that the concept of translation is far from being singularly determined, and how extremely difficult it is for philosophy to be distinct from translation. Here translation is regarded as a general concept, by which the Eurocentric framework implicit in the existent academic practices of comparison is problematized and according to which old questions are transformed into new ones and articulated to one another across disciplinary boundaries and regional or national borders. This book shows how the emerging global order might be viewed once we have been liberated from the Eurocentric perspective; it includes sociological inquiries into the system of international security networks and an analysis of the consequences of the transformation of the nation-state; it deals with the foundation of international law and its unalienable connection to modern colonial violence, and the foundational complicity between modern sovereignty and biopolitics. On an empirical note, the essays in this major volume deal with the various practices of translation in multiple locales, the belated constitution of anthropological language, philosophical discussion on translation, and the sexual aspects of translational politics. The relations between economics, ontology, and politics together form the crossroads at which the authors in this volume meet. As such, the volume will be of interest to an interdisciplinary audience of readers in the Humanities concerned with the intersections among politics, economy, philosophy, postcoloniality, and translation studies, and would above all attract interest from the emerging readership in biopolitics (under the field of comparative literature).

This book provides an introduction to the analysis of chaos and chaos theory as it relates to agricultural science. With clear explanations of chaos theory and principles, the first part of the book offers some basic facts, the fundamental terminology, and the concepts of deterministic chaos.

The second part of this volume contains rich applications of the theory as applied to real agricultural systems. Applications include a wide area such as alternate bearing in tree crops, weed control and tillage, nonlinear vibrations in agricultural tractors, and piglet pricing analysis.

Readers will find useful tools for calculating the order, rules and theory behind complex phenomena observed in arable land.

Volumes 11 and 12 of the series contain the 90 papers of an international symposium in Karlsruhe, Germany, in July 1995, which continued the investigation of failure behavior in monolithic engineering ceramics and reinforced ceramics. Addresses recent developments in the understanding and modelling

This Volume 13 of the Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics series constitutes the th Proceedings of the 7 International Symposium on the fracture mechanics of ceramics held at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia on July 20 to 22, 1999. The series started from the Proceedings of the 1 st Symposium at the Pennsylvania State University that has been held on 1973 (Vols. 1 and 2), followed by 1977 and 1981 Years meetings (Vols. 3 to 6) which were held at the Pennsylvania State University, too. Volumes 7 and 8 are from the 1985 Symposium which was held at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Volumes 9 and 10 are from the 1991 Symposium at Japan Fine Ceramic Centre, Nagoya, and Volumes 11 and 12 are from the 1995 Symposium at Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe. The theme of the Symposium was focused on the mechanical behaviour of advanced ceramics in terms of the cracks, particularly the crack-microstructure interaction, delayed failure, environmental effects in fracture. Special attention was paid on the novel methods in fracture mechanics testing, pre-standardisation and standartisation. The authors from 19 countries represented the current state of that field. The International Scientific Committee gratefully acknowledge the sponsoring provided by The Russian Academy of Sciences and, personally, Academician Yu.S.Osipov, President of RAS; The Ministry of Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation, Prof. G.Terestchenko; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Academician I.Moiseev; Scientific Technical Center "Bacor," Dr. B.Krasnij; Gzhel Ltd., Prof.

Historical surveys of postwar Japan are usually established on the grounds that the era is already over, interpreting "postwar" to be the years directly proceeding World War II. However, the contributors to this book take a unique approach to the concept of the postwar epoch and treat it as a network of historical time frames from the modern period, and connect these time capsules to the war to which they are inextricably linked. The books strength is in its very interdisciplinary approach to examining postwar Japan and as such it includes chapters centred on subjects as diverse as politics, poetry, philosophy, economics and art which serve to fill the blanks in the collective cultural memory that historical narratives leave behind. Originally published in French, this new translation offers the English speaking world important access to a major work on Japan which has been greatly enriched by the translator's great accuracy and knowledge of English, French and Japanese language, history and culture. Japan's Postwar will appeal to students and scholars of Japanese Studies and Modern Japanese History as well as historians studying the world after 1945.

"Dynamics of Soft Matter: Neutron Applications" provides an overview of neutron scattering techniques that measure temporal and spatial correlations simultaneously, at the microscopic and/or mesoscopic scale. These techniques offer answers to new questions arising at the interface of physics, chemistry, and biology. Knowledge of the dynamics at these levels is crucial to understanding the soft matter field, which includes colloids, polymers, membranes, biological macromolecules, foams, emulsions towards biological & biomimetic systems, and phenomena involving wetting, friction, adhesion, or microfluidics.

Emphasizing the complementarities of scattering techniques with other spectroscopic ones, this volume also highlights the potential gain in combining techniques such as rheology, NMR, light scattering, dielectric spectroscopy, as well as synchrotron radiation experiments. Key areas covered include polymer science, biological materials, complex fluids and surface science.

The two themes of integration of structural and durability design, and integration of concrete technologies in relation to global environmental issues are drawn together in this text. It presents the views of international researchers and engineers on these key topics as the 21st century approaches. Derived from a workshop on rational design of concrete structures held in Hakodate, Japan, in August 1995, the book provides a focus for debate about the ways in which concrete technologies around the world must respond to the necessity of ensuring that concrete construction achieves higher levels of durability, and about the growing imperative to meet higher environmental standards in concrete production and use.

After theend ofthe 20th century, the science ofcrystallizationreached a truly exciting stage where new opportunities emerged in both theory and expe- ment. Variousphysical methodsare capableofresolvingthesurface as wellas theinsidestructureofcrystalsattheatomiclevelwhilenewhigh-performance computingresourcesaffordthecapabilityofmodelingthecomplexlarge-scale alignmentsnecessarytosimulatecrystallizationinrealsystems.Asaresult,the science of crystallization has shifted gradually fromstatic to dynamic science and considerable progress now underlies the complex but beautiful cryst- lization process. I believe that if a de?nitive history of 21st century science is ever written,one of the highlightswill be the science ofcrystallization. This science has the following characteristics: in?nite advances in soph- tication, unlimited opportunities not only for intellectual excitement but also forindustrialmerit,strongcollaborationwithbiologyandmaterialscience,as wellaswithallareasofchemistry.Thevastpotentialofcrystallizationasan- portant?eld ofscience isfar beyondthesimple technologyofpharmaceutical industries during the 20th century. Optical resolution was one small area of chemistry in the last century. This was more a technology than a science, largely because trial and error was the only method to obtain good results. However, the situation is now changing. Therearesomanyappealing,hidden?ndingsintheprocessofcrystallization. Historically, crystallization began in an old laboratory in academia and then gradually shifted to industry. Now,it is making itscomeback in academia due toseveralnewresearchbranchestryingtodiscoverwhatisgoingonduringthe crystallizationprocess.Ibelieve this?eld ofscience isnowgrowingasa result of the wonderfulcoupling between industry and academia. I read a prepublication draft of Novel Optical Resolution Technologies,and foundthateachoneofthesegeneralcharacteristicsofsciencehadarealityand sharpness that I had not expected. While it was a sheer delight to revisit each of these triumphs guided by the wise insights and analyses found throughout the book. There is a good balance between the underlying historical material and the design and execution aspects of each topic.

This book presents recent and important developments in the field of terahertz radiation, with a particular focus on pulsed terahertz radiation. Situated in the gap between electronics and optics, the terahertz frequency range of the electro-magnetic spectrum has long been neglected by scientists and engineers due to a lack of efficient and affordable terahertz sources and detectors. The advent of femtosecond lasers in the 1980s and photoconductive switches in 1984 have made the terahertz gap accessible, while at the same time advances in electronics and optics have made it narrower. Research activities in terahertz frequencies have intensified dramatically since that time, funding has increased by a factor of 100 in the last decade. The reviews by leading experts are of interest to researchers and engineers as well as advanced students.

This book analyses and furthers the academic debates on post-liberal peacebuilding, through a number of conceptual, theoretical and empirical research outputs. Part I includes a review of how the recent discourse on peacebuilding has evolved, and three conceptual/theoretical perspectives relevant to post-liberal peacebuilding. In particular, the editors propose the concept of bespoke peacebuilding to articulate key features of new peacebuilding models. Part II introduces five case studies that present how alternative peacebuilding models are being shaped (or can be shaped) in practice. Essential reading for scholars and students in Peace and Conflict Studies, International Relations, and International Security Studies. Chapter 8 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book analyzes women entrepreneurs in Muslim countries who are using Islamic values to develop and run small businesses. As a core case study, the authors are using Indonesia as it is the largest Muslim country in the world by population. The project examines supportive policies and economic programs in detail and considers their effects on the businesses of several women entrepreneurs. Additionally, the authors argue that this work-life balance is critical for the definition of a successful female Muslim entrepreneur. The monograph considers whether this new phenomenon indicates a change in the conception of ideal Muslim womanhood or whether it is a limited phenomenon with few impacts beyond Indonesia. The book will appeal to academic and practitioner audience interested in Islam, gender studies, Middle Eastern and South Asian politics, development, anthropology, and social policy.

The contributors to this book investigate migration governance in Asia through a multilevel analysis, addressing its local, national and regional dimensions as well as placing it in the wider context of global migration governance. Core case studies include migration to and within Japan, the migration of Burmese and Tibetan refugees to India, and the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar. Evaluating the rules, norms and processes put in place by state and non-state actors to cope with international migration, the contributors focus especially on migration flows and the extent to which Asian cases are distinct from those elsewhere. This includes comparative cases from Europe and the United States to provide a comparative context for the analysis of Asia. A valuable resource for students and scholars of migration studies, especially those with a particular interest in Asia.

An infinite-dimensional manifold is a topological manifold modeled on some infinite-dimensional homogeneous space called a model space. In this book, the following spaces are considered model spaces: Hilbert space (or non-separable Hilbert spaces), the Hilbert cube, dense subspaces of Hilbert spaces being universal spaces for absolute Borel spaces, the direct limit of Euclidean spaces, and the direct limit of Hilbert cubes (which is homeomorphic to the dual of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space with bounded weak-star topology). This book is designed for graduate students to acquire knowledge of fundamental results on infinite-dimensional manifolds and their characterizations. To read and understand this book, some background is required even for senior graduate students in topology, but that background knowledge is minimized and is listed in the first chapter so that references can easily be found. Almost all necessary background information is found in Geometric Aspects of General Topology, the author's first book. Many kinds of hyperspaces and function spaces are investigated in various branches of mathematics, which are mostly infinite-dimensional. Among them, many examples of infinite-dimensional manifolds have been found. For researchers studying such objects, this book will be very helpful. As outstanding applications of Hilbert cube manifolds, the book contains proofs of the topological invariance of Whitehead torsion and Borsuk's conjecture on the homotopy type of compact ANRs. This is also the first book that presents combinatorial -manifolds, the infinite-dimensional version of combinatorial n-manifolds, and proofs of two remarkable results, that is, any triangulation of each manifold modeled on the direct limit of Euclidean spaces is a combinatorial -manifold and the Hauptvermutung for them is true.

Covering aspects from principles and limitations of statistical significance tests to topic set size design and power analysis, this book guides readers to statistically well-designed experiments. Although classical statistical significance tests are to some extent useful in information retrieval (IR) evaluation, they can harm research unless they are used appropriately with the right sample sizes and statistical power and unless the test results are reported properly. The first half of the book is mainly targeted at undergraduate students, and the second half is suitable for graduate students and researchers who regularly conduct laboratory experiments in IR, natural language processing, recommendations, and related fields.Chapters 1-5 review parametric significance tests for comparing system means, namely, t-tests and ANOVAs, and show how easily they can be conducted using Microsoft Excel or R. These chapters also discuss a few multiple comparison procedures for researchers who are interested in comparing every system pair, including a randomised version of Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. The chapters then deal with known limitations of classical significance testing and provide practical guidelines for reporting research results regarding comparison of means. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss statistical power. Chapter 6 introduces topic set size design to enable test collection builders to determine an appropriate number of topics to create. Readers can easily use the author's Excel tools for topic set size design based on the paired and two-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and confidence intervals. Chapter 7 describes power-analysis-based methods for determining an appropriate sample size for a new experiment based on a similar experiment done in the past, detailing how to utilize the author's R tools for power analysis and how to interpret the results. Case studies from IR for both Excel-based topic set size design and R-based power analysis are also provided.

The groundbreaking canopy-access and rain forest research at Lambir Hills National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia, has contributed an immense body of knowledge. Its major studies over more than a decade are synthesized here for the first time.

This book critically analyzes the global hegemony of the United States – a hegemony whose innovative aspect consists in articulating postcoloniality to imperial control – in relation to knowledge and knowledge production. Through targeted case studies on the historical relationship between regional areas and the United States, the authors explore possibilities and obstacles to epistemic decolonization. By highlighting the connection between the control of work and the control of communication that has been at the core of the colonial regimes of accumulation (‘classic colonialism’), they present an entirely new form of disciplinary practice, not based on the equation of evolution and knowledge. An extensive introduction outlines the historical genealogy of Pax Americana epistemic hegemony, while individual chapters examine the implications for different regions of the world and different domains of activity, including visual culture, economy, migration, the arts, and translation. This interdisciplinary collection will appeal to students and scholars in many fields, including Asian studies, American studies, postcolonialism, and political theory.

This book covers the fundamental aspects of the electrochemistry and redox enzymes that underlie enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, in which a redox enzyme reaction is coupled with an electrode reaction. Described here are the basic concept and theoretical aspects of bioelectrocatalysis and the various experimental techniques and materials used to study and characterize related problems. Also included are the various applications of bioelectrocatalysis to bioelectrochemical devices including biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioreactors. This book is a unique source of information in the area of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, approaching the subject from a cross-disciplinary point of view.

This open access book summarizes the first two decades of the NII Testbeds and Community for Information access Research (NTCIR). NTCIR is a series of evaluation forums run by a global team of researchers and hosted by the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan. The book is unique in that it discusses not just what was done at NTCIR, but also how it was done and the impact it has achieved. For example, in some chapters the reader sees the early seeds of what eventually grew to be the search engines that provide access to content on the World Wide Web, today's smartphones that can tailor what they show to the needs of their owners, and the smart speakers that enrich our lives at home and on the move. We also get glimpses into how new search engines can be built for mathematical formulae, or for the digital record of a lived human life. Key to the success of the NTCIR endeavor was early recognition that information access research is an empirical discipline and that evaluation therefore lay at the core of the enterprise. Evaluation is thus at the heart of each chapter in this book. They show, for example, how the recognition that some documents are more important than others has shaped thinking about evaluation design. The thirty-three contributors to this volume speak for the many hundreds of researchers from dozens of countries around the world who together shaped NTCIR as organizers and participants. This book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and students-anyone who wants to learn about past and present evaluation efforts in information retrieval, information access, and natural language processing, as well as those who want to participate in an evaluation task or even to design and organize one.

This book critically discusses and systematically compares J.M. Keynes and F. H. Knight, two giants in the history of economic thought. In 1921 they both published apparently similar books on risk, probability, and uncertainty. However, while Knight's contribution on risk and uncertainty is now well recognized, Keynes's work on probability and uncertainty has been somewhat ignored in the shadow of his more famous The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936). Focusing on an earlier yet equally important volume by Keynes, A Treatise on Probability (1921), this book sheds a light on his outstanding ideas and the lasting influence on his later works, including The General Theory. There are few books that systematically discuss Keynes and Knight, although there are remarkable comparisons between Keynes's concept of probability and uncertainty and Knight's distinction between a measurable risk and a non-measurable uncertainty. This timely book unifies Keynes and Knight into a new, comprehensive approach to a very complex human behavior