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Although group theory has played a significant role in the
development of various disciplines of physics, there are few recent
books that start from the beginning and then build on to consider
applications of group theory from the point of view of high energy
physicists. Group Theory for High Energy Physicists fills that
role. It presents groups, especially Lie groups, and their
characteristics in a way that is easily comprehensible to
physicists. The book first introduces the concept of a group and
the characteristics that are imperative for developing group theory
as applied to high energy physics. It then describes group
representations since matrix representations of a group are often
more convenient to deal with than the abstract group itself. With a
focus on continuous groups, the text analyzes the root structure of
important groups and obtains the weights of various representations
of these groups. It also explains how symmetry principles
associated with group theoretical techniques can be used to
interpret experimental results and make predictions. This concise,
gentle introduction is accessible to undergraduate and graduate
students in physics and mathematics as well as researchers in high
energy physics. It shows how to apply group theory to solve high
energy physics problems.
Although group theory has played a significant role in the
development of various disciplines of physics, there are few recent
books that start from the beginning and then build on to consider
applications of group theory from the point of view of high energy
physicists. Group Theory for High Energy Physicists fills that
role. It presents groups, especially Lie groups, and their
characteristics in a way that is easily comprehensible to
physicists. The book first introduces the concept of a group and
the characteristics that are imperative for developing group theory
as applied to high energy physics. It then describes group
representations since matrix representations of a group are often
more convenient to deal with than the abstract group itself. With a
focus on continuous groups, the text analyzes the root structure of
important groups and obtains the weights of various representations
of these groups. It also explains how symmetry principles
associated with group theoretical techniques can be used to
interpret experimental results and make predictions. This concise,
gentle introduction is accessible to undergraduate and graduate
students in physics and mathematics as well as researchers in high
energy physics. It shows how to apply group theory to solve high
energy physics problems.
Wheat is very important crop of Pakistan, as it is the staple food
and largest grain source of the country. Its contribution is 13.1
percent to the value added in agriculture and 2.7 percent to
GDP.Pakistan is among the top wheat producing countries of the
world. However there is a big gap between actual and potential
yield of wheat in Pakistan. Yield limiting factors include water
shortage, low use of nutrients due to high prices of fertilizers,
conventional cultural practices and low nutrient use efficiency.
Phosphorus use efficiency is very low throughout the world, P
deficiency is a major factor contributing to low crop production.
Humic substances, like humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA),
enhance both the yield and quality of many plants, including
grains. Humic acid increases the organic matter. The enhancement in
P availability and micronutrients with HA application has already
been reported in a variety of crops.
Lady bird beetle is a Good predator of all species of Aphids.This
book describe that four insecticides viz: Imidachloprid 20SL,
Acetamaprid 20 SL, Emamectin 1.9 EC, Spinosad 240 SE were used
against predatory lady bird beetle.Main objective of this
experiment was to evaluate that insecticide, which showed less
toxicity against lady bird beetle. Result showed that Imidachloprid
20SL showed less toxicity than that of other insectici
In SOA environment, a software application is a composition of
services, which are scattered across the Internet. Security plays a
vital role during the design, development and operation of SOA
applications. However, analysis of today's software development
approaches reveals that the engineering of security into the system
design is often neglected. Security is incorporated in an ad-hoc
manner or integrated during the applications development phase or
administration phase or out sourced. General purpose modeling
languages like UML are used for designing the software system;
however, these languages lack the knowledge of the specific domain
and "security" is one of the essential domains. A DSL, named the
"UML-SOA-Sec" is proposed to facilitate the modeling of security
objectives along the business process modeling of SOA applications.
Furthermore, Saleem's MDS services composition framework is
proposed for the development of a secure web service composition.
Being able to express security objectives in a widely used design
notation like UML, helps to save time and effort during the
implementation and verification of security in SOA applications.
This book describes the importance of citrus pests especially
emphasizing on citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) which is
serious threat to citrus nursery in Pakistan. The main objectives
of these studies were to determine the frequency of insecticides
against citrus leafminer, to find the best insecticide which give
maximum protection in the citrus nursery. Ten insecticides viz:
emmamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, imidachloprid 20 SL, profenofos 50 EC,
lufenuron 50 EC, acetamiprid 20 SP, bifenthrin 10 EC, spinosad 240
SC, cyhalothrin 2.5 EC, flufenoxuron 10 DC and triflumuron 20 EC
were used in two different seasons, spring season and monsoon
season. spinosad 240 SC showed maximum mortality more than 90%
after 96 hours of application with maximum frequency of fourteen
days.
After cotton, rice is second export commodity of Pakistan. However,
improvement in Basmati rice has been hampering due to its intrinsic
genetic makeup. Here, we focused on quantitative genetics of some
biometrical traits to understand the convolution of genetic control
over 16 yield and yield components. Line x tester analysis showed
non-additive gene effects for all traits whereas triple test cross
analysis explained non-additive gene effects in the form of j and l
types of non-allelic interactions for 13 traits only. Triple test
cross analysis also explained joint control of j and l types of
epistasis with i type epistasis for the rest of the 3 traits.
Several good combiner lines and crosses suitable for the
development of cultivars or hybrid varieties were isolated. Use of
heterosis breeding, recombination breeding following pedigree
method of selection and recurrent selection/bi-parental mating has
been proposed on the basis of current genetic analysis for the
improvement of Basmati rice."
This work considers type-I mixtures of the members of a subclass of
one parameter exponential family of disributions. This subclass
includes Exponential, Rayleigh, Pareto, a Burr type XII and Power
function distributions. Except the Exponential, mixtures of
distributions of this subclass get either no or least attention in
literature so far. The elegant closed form expressions for the
Bayes estimators of the parameters of each of these mixtures are
presented along with their variances assuming uninformative and
informative priors. The proposed informative Bayes estimators
emerge advantageous in terms of their least standard errors. An
extensive simulation study is conducted for each of these mixtures
to highlight the properties and comparison of the proposed Bayes
estimators in terms of sample sizes, censoring rates, mixing
proportions and different combinations of the parameters of the
component densities. A type-IV sample consisting of ordinary
type-I, right censored observations is considered. Bayesian
analysis of the real life mixture data sets is conducted as an
application of each mixture and some interesting observations and
comparisons have been observed.
Dr.Muhammad Imran Saleem and co-authors have done a great work
putting together the essential material for the fellowship trainees
in the discipline of ophthalmology in " LIMBAL AUTOGRAFT VERSUS
MITOMYCIN-C FOR OPHTHALMIC PTERYGIUM." The Whole book is organized
by multistage energetics in a very lucid manner and each element is
discussed extremely well.It is also a very kind and user friendly
type of book. I highly recommend this book not only for the
postgraduate residents in ophthalmology but also for the working
ophthalmologists.
Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient for the growth of
plants, while Boron is also highly important micro-nutrient for
efficient plant growth. The interaction between the micro nutrients
(like Boron) with nitrogen is highly important topic. This
manuscript covered all the aspects of interaction between these two
highly important nutrients and their ultimate benefits to crops
especially with reference to Sunflower.
Maize plant is a c4 plant having high input requirements including
irrigation water. In Pakistan 25-30% of the total cropped area is
rainfed where the available water resources are depleting very
quickly. Water stress or drought is one of the major limiting fator
in crop production around the globe. Water stress affects plant
growth both at early stage and at grain filling stage resulting in
decreased yield. Fifty inbred lines were used to study genetic
variability, correlation and path co-efficient analysis among
various seedling and maturity traits. Under drought conditions,
100-grain weight had positively and significantly correlated with
root length, shoot length, fresh root weight and number of cobs.
Days taken to silking had maximum positive direct effect on
100-garin weight. Number of ears had minimum positive direct effect
on 100-grain weight.
Wheat is an important cereal crop and is a staple food for most of
the world population. Being major consumable commodity it occupies
a prominent position and is cultivated on an area of 8463.0
thousand hectares. 25-30% of the total cropped area is rainfed
where the available water resources are limited. Water stress
affects plant growth at early stage and at grain filling stage
resulting in decreased yield. Twenty two lines/varieties were used
to study the correlation and path co-efficient analysis among
fourteen different seedling and maturity traits. Root density,
tillers per plant, spike length and 1000-grain weight were
positively correlated with grain yield. Plant height had negative
correlation with it. Tillers per plant and 1000-grain weight had
maximum direct effect on grain yield. Stomatal frequency, stomata
size, root shoot ratio, had negative direct effect on yield.
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