Meat and its products enjoy a unique status in human diet but meat also serves as an excellent substrate for the growth of most microorganisms, and is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease due to the presence of high sodium and fat contents. In the functional examination of minced beef patties, estimation for total sodium contents is essential to assess the level of risk. The minced beef patties were also treated with chitosan-mint mixture to minimize the presence of microorganisms, oxidation and to increase the shelf life of the product by acting as a natural antioxidant as well as antimicrobial agent. The recommendations from this research work are; the microbiological quality of minced beef should be monitored regularly and properly to ensure consumer's safety. Different formulations for patties can be developed by using masking agents, cold pressure storage and use of less quantity of beef to ensure lower amounts of Na contents. Suitability of different oils and fats available for proper structure and other quality parameters of patties should be checked to ensure good quality products with lower levels of fat.

Communication is the process whereby speech, signs or actions transmit information from one person to another. As a result of Globalization, need for newer modes of communication arose. No matter the means of communication every instance of communication must have a message that is being transferred from sender to receiver.The ideal definition of communication is a two way interaction between two parties to transmit information and mutual understanding between themselves.

This is easy readable and modern introduction to epidemiology for health professionals. It combines strong public health perspective and rationale with modern methodological insights in a coherent and straightforward way. It mainly emphasis common fundamental principles to all areas of epidemiology and unlike other texts integrates public health and clinical epidemiology and study of infectious and chronic diseases