This book, Introduction to Islamic Banking and Finance: An Economic Analysis, covers the basic principles of Islamic economics and finance. It discusses both the theory of Islamic economics and finance as well as the applications in the design of instruments of finance as well as Islamic financial institutions. The book enables its readers to gain an understanding of the structures and operations of Islamic banking, Islamic capital market investments, risk management, and taxation for Islamic banking contracts. The book sets forth the following objectives: An overview of the principles of Islamic economics and understand their contrast with mainstream economics. An overview of basic rules of commercial law in Islamic jurisprudence. An overview of basic principles, structures and operations of Islamic banking both in the liability side and asset side operations. An understanding of Islamic capital market instruments and investment management including some unique activities peculiar to Islamic investments, such as stock screening and income purification. An illustration of different Takaful structures, which are applied for risk management by individuals and corporates. Supplementary materials are available to instructors who adopt this textbook for their courses. These include: Testbank PowerPoint Slides Self-Assessment Questions (SAQ) Answer Key

This book, Introduction to Islamic Banking and Finance: An Economic Analysis, covers the basic principles of Islamic economics and finance. It discusses both the theory of Islamic economics and finance as well as the applications in the design of instruments of finance as well as Islamic financial institutions. The book enables its readers to gain an understanding of the structures and operations of Islamic banking, Islamic capital market investments, risk management, and taxation for Islamic banking contracts. The book sets forth the following objectives: An overview of the principles of Islamic economics and understand their contrast with mainstream economics. An overview of basic rules of commercial law in Islamic jurisprudence. An overview of basic principles, structures and operations of Islamic banking both in the liability side and asset side operations. An understanding of Islamic capital market instruments and investment management including some unique activities peculiar to Islamic investments, such as stock screening and income purification. An illustration of different Takaful structures, which are applied for risk management by individuals and corporates. Supplementary materials are available to instructors who adopt this textbook for their courses. These include: Testbank PowerPoint Slides Self-Assessment Questions (SAQ) Answer Key

Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, course: Banking & Finance, language: English, comment: This piece of work is a group effort of two students. Teachers comment our work as Good work done by the students., abstract: Our this research report is based on the E-banking technology in which customers can access more accurate, faster and quick banking services from the computerized banking system. This system has been adopted by the international banks as well as by the local banks in Pakistan to give efficient services to their customers. The purpose of our research work is carried out to release the importance of E-banking in banking industry, which is being implemented by the banks for providing the electronic services to the customers and to what extent E-banking is growing and giving the benefits to both the customers as well as the bankers. This research work will also help to determine whether the E-banking services are efficient, accurate and rapid in banking industry.

The fruit flies (family: Tephertidae) are important group of insect pests of horticulture production throughout the world. Over 1500 fly species occur wide of which 50 species are regarded as major pests and another 30 species are of minor economic importance.The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saund.)considered one of the most destructive fruit pests which spread in several regions of the world. It is also recorded in several governorates in Egypt.The peach fruit fly B. zonata is a polyphagous insect. Its main hosts are guava, mango and peach. Secondary hosts include apricot, fig and citrus. Females lay their eggs in the ripened fruits while the maggots devour the pulp. Subsequently, secondary infections with bacterial and fungal diseases are frequent and in-fested fruits drop down.The peach fruit fly control was heavily rely on aerial application of malathion, bait sprays, or ground cover sprays of potent organophosphorus pesticides."

Natural products the most significant source for pharmaceutical development have been investigated and utilized to alleviate diseases since early human history. Natural compounds from both terrestrial and marine organisms have been extensively used for the treatment of many diseases either in their natural form or as a template for synthetic modification. A variety of new chemical entities from natural resources at present are undergoing clinical trials. The government sector, industries and academic institutions also play an important role in the natural drug development for human health enhancement.

Resources are scarce as compared to unlimited wants. But, the economics of non-rival ideas creation has proved that resources are ample and that physical resources could be used in ways that keeps fulfilling the basic needs of society through the creation of ideas that augment and bring multiplier effect to the availability of given physical resources. In simple words, the development in science and technology by developing human capital base has enabled the societies through each level in history to make best use of physical resources and avoid resource exhaustion for the basic requirements. Despite that, poverty has persisted. Problem is not with resource scarcity, it is with distribution of resources which require an equitable and egalitarian socio-economic system. What is needed is a system that consists of institutions working towards fulfilling this objective. Capitalism, the way it is practiced as an economic system, has largely allowed and promoted certain institutions and their operations based on free market philosophy and such institutions have been chief reasons behind much of distributional inequity in the world today.

The present study clearly emphasizes that resistant or slow rusting varieties should be cultivated under farmers field conditions, to avoid the yield losses of stripe and leaf rusts in wheat varieties/lines.All the environmental conditions significantly influenced leaf rust than the stripe rust. A significant correlation was observed between leaf rust and maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and sun shine radiations. However, non significant correlation were found between stripe rust and the environmental conditions. When maximum and minimum temperature increased the leaf rust severity also increased. Similarly the sunshine radiations and rainfall influenced positive effect on the leaf rust. Leaf rust infection on different varieties/lines increased with an increase in sunshine radiations and rainfall.