The title of this book is a pun on the use of the preposition onto with the aim of recalling Ontology, the term commonly adopted in the computer science community to indicate the study of the formal specification for organizing knowledge.

In the field of knowledge engineering, Ontologies are used for modeling concepts and relationships on some domain.

The year 2013 celebrates the twentieth anniversary of the World Wide Web. The simple network of hypermedia has transformed the world of communications with enormous implications on the social relationships. However, traditional World Wide Web is currently experiencing a challenging evolution toward the Internet of Things (IoT), today feasible thanks to the integration of pervasive technologies capable of sensing the environment.

The most important contribution of IoT regards the possibility of enabling more efficient machine-to-machine cooperation. To such aim, ontologies represent the most suitable tool to enable transfer and comprehension of information among computer applications, even those designed and developed by unrelated people in different places.

This book proposes a collection of contributions illustrating different applications following these directions and that are the outcomes of real experiences developed in the context of research projects."

This book collects the scientific papers presented at the 2nd Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, held in Palermo in October 1991. It displays the state of the art of both Italian and European scientific research in AI. The book begins with an invited paper by W. Wahlster et al. The bulk of the book is then divided into five parts on: - Knowledge representation (18 papers), - Knowledge acquisition (5 papers), - Natural language (5 papers), - Perception and robotics (5 papers), - Architecture and technologies (5 papers). A section containing short papers completes the book. The high quality of the papers reflects massive research activity mainly devoted to the theoretical aspects of AI, but clearly aimed at consolidating the results already achieved. Several contributions are oriented to the technological aspects of AI.