This book will enrich the readers theoretical knowledge about the fundamental aspects of bryology. There is a great significance of bryophytes in land plant evolution, water retention, prevention of soil erosion, nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation and pollution monitoring. Considering this, the authors found it necessary to provide a basic guideline to the students to study the bryoflora. The present manual for bryophytes will provide practical guidelines for collection and recording of bryophytes, methodologies for studying it's morphology, morphometry and internal structure, modern approach to bryophytes systematics and characterization of genera, taxonomic importance of spore ornamentation as revealed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy, significance of bryophyte conservation and basic methods of in vitro study. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON'21), held on 12-15 May 2021. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.

This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON'21), held on 12-15 May 2021. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.

Recorded ground motions affected by forward directivity effects indicate that velocity pulse may arrive at a relatively later stage of the record even though it is believed to arrive at the beginning of velocity time-history. An attempt has been made to correlate arrival instant of velocity pulse with a few seismological and pulse parameters. To assess the effect of velocity pulse arrival on seismic response of structures, a series of oscillator with different hysteretic behaviour is considered. The results of nonlinear time-history analyses indicate that the late arriving pulse motions impose high ductility demand on SDOF systems in the long period region. A similar study with eight steel moment-resisting frames revealed that the effect of pulse arrival on the response of frame members depends upon the frame height and the member location. Similar results are obtained when the effect of velocity pulse arrival on the seismic response of acceleration sensitive nonstructural components is considered. The results obtained in this study will help the engineering community in deciding safety factors for design of structures/nonstructural components in near-fault region.

Seaport container cranes are highly vulnerable to natural disasters such as earthquakes and severe windstorms. Damage to container cranes affects the functionality of seaports in terms of economic loss due to repair/ replacement and downtime. In addition, it may accrue considerable amount of business loss owing to permanent traffic rerouting. Although a significant number of wind-induced failure of container cranes have been reported, literature related to cause of such failures is inadequate. This document provides an approach for systematic investigation of response of seaport container cranes under wind loading. Emphasis is placed on estimating the effect of structural configurations and stochastic of wind field on failure vulnerability of modern-day sea container cranes. The failure vulnerability of container cranes has been estimated by means of fragility analysis with respect to different parameters such as boom positions, yaw angle, gradient height, and gradient wind speed. Also introduced are the Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis for probabilistic assessments of performance. Finally, a few relevant research needs in this area have been identified.