These days, hardly a week goes by in the media, without mention of a remarkable advancement in the field of genetics. Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the chromosomes and their role in heredity. Every individual inherits a pair of chromosomes from each of his parents. Each cell in our body has 46 chromosomes each. Chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of genes. The genes within the chromosomes have a powerful impact on our health, either directly through chromosomal or single gene disorders or by influencing our susceptibility to disease. Cytogenetic study is performed in order to diagnose certain genetic disorders such as; congenital birth defects, mental retardation, growth and developmental delay, defects of sexual development, ambiguous genitalia, congenital defects, abnormal facial features, infertility, multiple miscarriages, amenorrhea, autism, malignancies and hematological disorders, early embryonic death, and gene mutations among others. These can be identified by chromosomal analysis and molecular cytogenetic techniques such as Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Microarray, which have enormously expanded in recent years.

In my first book (Your Easy Way To Chromosomes), the main topic was about the human chromosomes, their structures, abnormalities, syndromes, and chromosome analysis. In this book I focused on abnormal karyotypes and how chromosomal abnormalities happen.
A karyotype is a picture of a person's chromosomes from body cells (blood, hair, or any other tissue), photographing them through a microscope and arranging them in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size.
Karyotype test (alternative names are Chromosome Analysis, Chromosomal Analysis) plays a role in: diagnosis genetic diseases which are related to chromosomal abnormalities, diagnosis some birth defects, and provides clinical utility in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies. On the other hand some genetic abnormalities cannot be detected by karyotype analysis such as microdeletions.
Karyotype helps clinical cytogeneticist to identify abnormalities by:
Counting the number of chromosomes and looking for extra chromosome such as in trisomy 21 or missing chromosome in a karyotype such as in Turner syndrome.
Looking for changes in chromosome structure such as chromosomal deletions, duplications, translocations, insertions, inversions and other chromosomal abnormalities.
Writing a book related to your field shows your passion and commitment to your job.
Sana Nimer
[email protected]
[email protected]

An easy way of knowing a country's culture is through their food and their cuisines. This book includes more than 50 traditional recipes of the Mediterranean cuisine, grouped as: (Soups), (Salads), (Appetizers), (Rice Dishes), (Meat and Chicken), (Fish), and (Desserts). Every recipe is shown in an alongside full-color photo, with step-by-step instructions. So even a beginner cooker can use these recipes, and it will be tasted like something that as someone else made it. There are many people today who are suffering from being overweight. Healthy living is something which everyone strives for in today's world. In my book, I focus on nutritional benefits information of the ingredients. Healthy eating food is about more than the food on our plate, it is also about how we think about food. Research in Mayo clinic has shown that the traditional Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of heart disease. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes: Eating primarily plant-based foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts. Replacing butter with healthy fats such as olive oil. Using herbs and spices instead of salt to flavor foods. I've used (cups and spoons) to measuring the quantities of ingredients in my recipes. This makes cooking easier and more universally applicable. I hope you enjoy my healthy Mediterranean dishes. Sana Nimer