Seven phosphate solubilising bacteria, belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, capable of utilizing Xylose and rock phosphate as the sole carbon and phosphate source were isolated by enrichment culture method. This PSB exhibited mineral phosphate solubilising (MPS) phenotype on xylose and glucose, which are substrates for enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), as carbon sources. The isolates secreted formic acid and xylonic acid by utilizing xylose. In all the isolates, GDH activity was found when grown on Glucose and Xylose, indicating that it is constitutive and could act on a wide range of aldose sugars. PFL enzyme activity in all xylose utilizing cells was higher, since PFL is a marker of anaerobic conditions thus all the isolates were facultative anaerobes. Efficiency of the isolates for phosphorus solubilization in natural environments was further confirmed by pot experiments on mung bean plants.

In Date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) molecular characterization to find the best genotype and male/female identification at an early stage before flowering is of great economic significance for farmers. Genetic finger printing using molecular markers is an important tool. In present investigation two types of marker viz., RAPD and ISSR were applied in 8 Date palm genotypes and five types of markers RAPD, ISSR, SSR, ITS and 18s rRNA gene were applied in 5 genotypes of Date palm (Ghanshyam, Early maturing, Late maturing, Male 2 small and Male1 tall) and at the same time Ghanshyam was also screened with its 14 seedling genotypesRAPD markers were more efficient than ISSR assay with regard to polymorphic detection; RAPD markers detected 36.84% polymorphism as compared to 0.12% by ISSR markers. Cluster analysis by UPGMA shows that the dendrogram obtained was similar for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR, In other case study of 5 Date palm genotypes (Ghanshyam, Early maturing, Late maturing, Male 2 small and Male1 tall), five type of markers with one best primer for each marker (RAPD, ISSR, SSR, ITS and18s rRNA) were used.

Present investigation developed three pathways for in vitro regeneration and mass multiplication of Acacia mangium. The nodal segments from 8-10 years old phenotypically superior plus tree were used as explants for axillary bud culture. MS medium supplemented with BAP and Kinetin in combination was the best for culture establishment and shoot proliferation from the axillary buds. Microshoots were rooted in MS medium (half strength) supplemented with IBA and acclimatization of the rooted shoots was obtained in plastic pots containing soilrite. Sixty per cent of cotyledon explants developed direct adventitious buds. Callus was induced from the cotyledon and hypocotyl explants on MS medium fortified with NAA and BAP. Genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants was examined by RAPD analysis, at every subculture. No genetic variation was detected among plantlets, hence proving genetically stable regeneration method. This protocol can be very useful for for genetic engineering and mass production of quality planting material of Mangium.

An efficient in vitro plant regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation protocol was described for castor (Ricinus communis L.) using meristem as explants. Shoot apex containing apical meristems were excised from 5-7 days old in vitro grown seedlings and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins singly or in combination. Kinetin (0.50 mg/l) in combination with BAP (0.25 mg/l) produced maximum number of shoot (10.33) and shoot length (5.20 cm). For root induction, in vitro produced shoots were transferred to rooting media containing 1/2 MS basal media with NAA. In Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain containing construct pBIN1F harboring nptII and cry1F gene was used. The integration of the gene was confirmed by using PCR. The transformation experiment was performed by optimizing age of the seedlings and co-cultivation duration with Agrobacterium. When the effect of the age of the seedlings and co-cultivation duration evaluated fifteen days old seedlings and co-cultivated for three days yielded the frequency of transformation 2

Genetic diversity of Karanja accessions were evaluated with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. In present study low level of genetic diversity was observed among the karanj genotypes. Average RPI, PIC and MI value for RAPD primers were 2.09, 0.25 and 18.06 respectively; while for ISSR marker it was 0.66, 0.08 and 4.48 respectively. Genetic diversity analysis by Isozyme marker viz., POX (peroxidase), PPO (polyphenol oxidase ), EST (esterase) and SOD(superoxide dismutase) scores total 19 isozyme loci in 30 accessions of Karanja. Highest loci was scored by PPO (6 loci) followed by POX (5 loci) while 4 loci scored by SOD and EST. Highest polymorphism and highest number of polymorphic loci was shown by PPO isozyme (83.33%) while lowest polymorphism and lowest number of polymorphic loci was shown by SOD isozyme (50 %). In morphological characterization, in terms of height, tallest tree and average longest branch was recorded by NAUK-15 and NAUK-16 respectively. Average highest number of branches and largest leaflet width was recorded by NAUK-9 while longest leaflet length recorded by NAUK-1.

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