Current practice dictates the separation of the hardware and software development paths early in the design cycle. These paths remain independent with very little interaction occurring between them until system integration. In particular, hardware is often specified without fully appreciating the computational requirements of the software. Also, software development does not influence hardware development and does not track changes made during the hardware design phase. Thus, the ability to explore hardware/software tradeoffs is restricted, such as the movement of functionality from the software domain to the hardware domain (and vice-versa) or the modification of the hardware/software interface. As a result, problems that are encountered during system integration may require modification of the software and/or hardware, resulting in potentially significant cost increases and schedule overruns. To address the problems described above, a cooperative design approach, one that utilizes a unified view of hardware and software, is described. This approach is called hardware/software codesign. The Codesign of Embedded Systems develops several fundamental hardware/software codesign concepts and a methodology that supports them. A unified representation, referred to as a decomposition graph, is presented which can be used to describe hardware or software using either functional abstractions or data abstractions. Using a unified representation based on functional abstractions, an abstract hardware/software model has been implemented in a common simulation environment called ADEPT (Advanced Design Environment Prototyping Tool). This model permits early hardware/software evaluation and tradeoff exploration. Techniques have been developed which support the identification of software bottlenecks and the evaluation of design alternatives with respect to multiple metrics. The application of the model is demonstrated on several examples. A unified representation based on data abstractions is also explored. This work leads to investigations regarding the application of object-oriented techniques to hardware design. The Codesign of Embedded Systems: A Unified Hardware/Software Representation describes a novel approach to a topic of immense importance to CAD researchers and designers alike.

Current practice dictates the separation of the hardware and software development paths early in the design cycle. These paths remain independent with very little interaction occurring between them until system integration. In particular, hardware is often specified without fully appreciating the computational requirements of the software. Also, software development does not influence hardware development and does not track changes made during the hardware design phase. Thus, the ability to explore hardware/software tradeoffs is restricted, such as the movement of functionality from the software domain to the hardware domain (and vice-versa) or the modification of the hardware/software interface. As a result, problems that are encountered during system integration may require modification of the software and/or hardware, resulting in potentially significant cost increases and schedule overruns. To address the problems described above, a cooperative design approach, one that utilizes a unified view of hardware and software, is described. This approach is called hardware/software codesign. The Codesign of Embedded Systems develops several fundamental hardware/software codesign concepts and a methodology that supports them. A unified representation, referred to as a decomposition graph, is presented which can be used to describe hardware or software using either functional abstractions or data abstractions. Using a unified representation based on functional abstractions, an abstract hardware/software model has been implemented in a common simulation environment called ADEPT (Advanced Design Environment Prototyping Tool). This model permits early hardware/software evaluation and tradeoff exploration. Techniques have been developed which support the identification of software bottlenecks and the evaluation of design alternatives with respect to multiple metrics. The application of the model is demonstrated on several examples. A unified representation based on data abstractions is also explored. This work leads to investigations regarding the application of object-oriented techniques to hardware design. The Codesign of Embedded Systems: A Unified Hardware/Software Representation describes a novel approach to a topic of immense importance to CAD researchers and designers alike.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Computing, Communication and Learning, CoCoLe 2022, held in Warangal, India, in October 2022.The 25 full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 117 submissions. The CoCoLe conference focuses on three broad areas of computer science and other allied branches, namely computing, communication, and learning.

Sanjaya Kumar Shah's book "A Study on the Connection Between 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D and Chronic Kidney Disease" is thorough and perceptive in its investigation of the nuanced connection between Vitamin D and chronic kidney disease. The book provides a thorough explanation of the mechanisms underlying this link and goes into the complexities of Vitamin D metabolism and how it affects kidney function. This book is a crucial tool for health care providers, academics, and patients who want to comprehend how vitamin D affects the onset and course of chronic kidney disease. The author's research is supported by a variety of clinical investigations and scientific data, which he delivers in an understandable and comprehensible way. The book covers a wide range of subjects, such as the physiology of vitamin D, its significance for kidney health, and the processes that lead to the onset of chronic kidney disease. Together with possible future research avenues in this area, it also looks at the present clinical evidence supporting the use of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of chronic renal disease. Overall, "A Study on the Connection Between 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D and Chronic Kidney Disease" is a well-written book that offers insightful information on a significant medical topic. This book is a requirement-read for anyone hoping to gain more knowledge about Vitamin D and chronic renal disease due to the author's competence and thorough research.

Number of steel fiber types are available as reinforcement. Round steel fibers, the commonly used type, are produced by cutting round wires into short lengths. The typical diameters lie in the range of 0.25 to 0.75 mm. Steel fibers having rectangular cross-section are produced by slitting the sheets about 0.25 mm thick. For improving the mechanical bond between the fiber and matrix, indented, crimped, hook-ended fibers are normally produced. Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) provides additional strength in flexure, fatigue, impact and spalling. These properties lead to smaller concrete sections, improved surface quality and reduced maintenance. The main applications of SFRC are in highway, airfield pavements, hydraulic structures, tunnel linings, industrial floors, bridge decks, repair works, etc.

ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION Presenting the latest technologies and practices in this ever-changing field, this groundbreaking new volume covers the theoretical challenges and practical solutions for using robotics across a variety of industries, encompassing many disciplines, including mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, information technology, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, and command and software engineering. Robotics is the study of creating devices that can take the place of people and mimic their behaviors. Mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information engineering, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computer engineering, control engineering, software engineering, mathematics, and other subjects are all included in robotics. Robots can be employed in a variety of scenarios and for a variety of objectives, but many are now being used in hazardous areas (such as radioactive material inspection, bomb detection, and deactivation), manufacturing operations, or in conditions where humans are unable to live (e.g. in space, underwater, in high heat, and clean up and containment of hazardous materials and radiation). Walking, lifting, speaking, cognition, and any other human activity are all attempted by robots. Many of today’s robots are influenced by nature, making bio-inspired robotics a growing area. Defusing explosives, seeking survivors in unstable ruins, and investigating mines and shipwrecks are just a few of the activities that robots are designed to undertake. This groundbreaking new volume presents a Robotic Process Automation (RPA) software technique that makes it simple to create, deploy, and manage software robots that mimic human movements while dealing with digital systems and software. Software robots can interpret what’s on a screen, type the correct keystrokes, traverse systems, locate and extract data, and do a wide variety of predetermined operations, much like people. Software robots can do it quicker and more reliably than humans, without having to stand up and stretch or take a coffee break.