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A convenient and user-friendly handbook of clinical
gastroenterology providing systematic yet concise coverage of the
diseases and disorders of the digestive tract. The wide experience
of the authors' background in both clinical gastroenterology and
imaging is reflected in the informative text which is illustrated
with colour photos, imaging and diagrams of the highest quality.The
book will appeal to those preparing for higher qualifications in
gastroenterology and general medicine, and to physicians and
medical students who want a handy general reference source to
problems of the digestive system.
More than 20 million childhood deaths occur every year due to the
micronutrient deficiency and diet-related non-communicable diseases
(cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and
diabetes). The United Nations (UN) recently announced that the
increase in chronic, non-communicable diseases has resulted in 36
million deaths around the world annually, claiming more lives than
all other causes combined. These chronic diseases are not isolated
to developed countries and are even more pronounced in the
developing world. Such chronic illnesses have caused far more
deaths than infectious diseases throughout the world (except
Africa) in recent years. Therefore, enrichment of micronutrients in
staple food crops is of paramount importance for the nutritional
security in our world. Biofortification is the development of
micronutrient- and/or vitamin-rich crops using traditional crop
improvement practices as well as modern biotechnology tools. It is
a more sustainable and cost effective method than food
supplementation, fortification and diet diversification. This work
consolidates available information on the different aspects of
breeding for improved nutrition of pulses. An overview of entire
pulses based on their nutritional profile is given so that audience
can find the desired information easily. Food legumes are the
active ingredients in many gluten-free food products and there is a
continuous rise of the use of pulses flour in milling and baking
processes. Our book sheds light on recent efforts and the
underlying constraints of meeting the public demand. We believe
this work provides the basic information for anyone interested in
biofortification and stimulate further research to meet this unique
challenge.
More than 20 million childhood deaths occur every year due to the
micronutrient deficiency and diet-related non-communicable diseases
(cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and
diabetes). The United Nations (UN) recently announced that the
increase in chronic, non-communicable diseases has resulted in 36
million deaths around the world annually, claiming more lives than
all other causes combined. These chronic diseases are not isolated
to developed countries and are even more pronounced in the
developing world. Such chronic illnesses have caused far more
deaths than infectious diseases throughout the world (except
Africa) in recent years. Therefore, enrichment of micronutrients in
staple food crops is of paramount importance for the nutritional
security in our world. Biofortification is the development of
micronutrient- and/or vitamin-rich crops using traditional crop
improvement practices as well as modern biotechnology tools. It is
a more sustainable and cost effective method than food
supplementation, fortification and diet diversification. This work
consolidates available information on the different aspects of
breeding for improved nutrition of pulses. An overview of entire
pulses based on their nutritional profile is given so that audience
can find the desired information easily. Food legumes are the
active ingredients in many gluten-free food products and there is a
continuous rise of the use of pulses flour in milling and baking
processes. Our book sheds light on recent efforts and the
underlying constraints of meeting the public demand. We believe
this work provides the basic information for anyone interested in
biofortification and stimulate further research to meet this unique
challenge.
The Beans and the Peas: From Orphan to Mainstream Crops presents a
comprehensive literature resource on the most important food legume
crops previously known as "orphans," but which are increasingly
becoming mainstream as their production opportunities have been
improved through genetic improvement and biotechnology, and their
role as an important nutrient source gains urgency. This book
focuses on 12 important food legumes and discusses all relevant
aspects on their economic importance, crop statistics, botany, and
their general description. It also provides exhaustive information
on plant genetic resources and their use, genetic improvement,
resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved varieties,
agronomy, seed system, and use of information and communication
tools in each individual food legume. Development of innovative
biotechnological tools, genetic transformation, and the genome
sequencing information has also been covered in each chapter
providing the readers with state-of-the-art information on pulses.
All chapters have been supported by relevant figures,
illustrations, and tables, which make the contents accessible and
easy to understand. Each of the chapters has been authored by
globally known scientists/researchers presenting up-to-date
information on various aspects of food legumes. This book provides
a current and comprehensive treatise to the readers and will be
tremendously helpful in furthering their academic and research
pursuits.
Legumes in the Omic Era provides a timely review of recent advances
in legume genomics research and application. In this post-genomic
era enormous amount of biological information is available which
could be of huge potential use for crop improvement applications.
This aspect of genomics assisted plant breeding is focused
throughout the book for all the important grain legume crops. Role
of functional genomics and importance of bioinformatics tools in
present day genomics and molecular breeding research is also
discussed in detail. Use of molecular tools for nutritional
fortification of grain legume is briefly presented. A chapter also
been contributed on fungal disease resistance to elucidate
potential application of genomic tools in molecular breeding of
grain legume species. The book contains fifteen chapters
contributed by 50 scientists from different countries who are
actively involved in analyzing and improving particular legume
genome. This book will serve as reference resource to legumes
researchers for use of genome information in improvement of major
legume crops. Dr Sanjeev Gupta is Principal Scientist/Project
Coordinator-All India Coordinated Research Project on Vigna Crops
at Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur. He has more
than two decades of research experience in grain legume breeding
and developed a number of high yielding cultivars in grain legumes.
He is authored numerous research papers published in peer-reviewed
journals and edited several books in plant breeding aspects. He was
the Organizing Secretary of the International Grain Legume
Conference, 2009 held in the Indian Institute of Pulses Research,
Kanpur, India. He has travelled across the continents to present
his research several times. He is recipient of several awards for
his research and literary contributions Dr. Nagasamy Nadarajan is
the Director of the Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR),
Kanpur. He has more than three decades of teaching and research
experience and developed more than fifteen legume and cereal
cultivars. He has to his credits more than 200 peer-reviewed
research publications. He has guided several graduate students for
Masters and Doctoral degrees in food legume breeding and genetics
research. He has authored a book in biometrics which is one of the
most popular books among the agriculture graduate students in
India. He is the recipient of three international and six national
awards and honours for his outstanding contributions Mr. Debjyoti
Sen Gupta is the ICAR International Fellow and Ph.D. candidate at
North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, USA. Recently, he
visited Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State
University, Pullman, USA for high throughput genotyping work.
Before joining at NDSU he was serving as the Scientist in the
Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR). He has authored several
research articles, review articles and book chapters in the
peer-reviewed journals and books from reputed publishers like
Springer, CABI etc. He is recipient of several fellowships like
CSIR-JRF, New Delhi; ICAR-JRF, New Delhi throughout his graduate
study programs.
With the enormous volume of research that finds its place in
literature every year, it becomes very difficult to select the
meaningful and to present it in a comprehensive manner which
required constant examination of the data. In the present manual
all the experiments have been written in the light of recent
knowledge. Much emphasis has been given on the the drawings
pertaining to their clarity. All the specimens and slides have been
kept together and related experiments has also been grouped
together. This self contained text offers indepth discussion on the
theoretical and practical aspects of laboratory experimentation.
Some of the salient features of this manual are that every efforts
has been made to make the description point wise and very minute
details of each experiment have been thoroughly explained at proper
places. Authors are thankful to the teacher fellows and students
for sending their opinions, suggestions and criticism. We sincerely
hope that the present manual will be more helpful for the students
in their practical classes. Students comments for further
improvement of the manual are always welcome.
This publication examines whether the improvements in economic
growth in sub-Saharan Africa since the mid 1990s are sustainable
and explores which strategies have been most effective in
contributing to poverty reduction objectives. Topics considered
include: key factors which have contributed to the recent
improvement in growth performance; differences in performance
across subgroups and countries in the region; incidence and timing
of growth accelerations; links with changes in fiscal policy and
financial development, economic infrastructure and political
institutions; and lessons on the macroeconomic policies that have
proved most effective for raising the incomes of the poor.
Legumes in the Omic Era provides a timely review of recent
advances in legume genomics research and application. In this
post-genomic era enormous amount of biological information is
available which could be of huge potential use for crop improvement
applications. This aspect of genomics assisted plant breeding is
focused throughout the book for all the important grain legume
crops. Role of functional genomics and importance of bioinformatics
tools in present day genomics and molecular breeding research is
also discussed in detail. Use of molecular tools for nutritional
fortification of grain legume is briefly presented. A chapter also
been contributed on fungal disease resistance to elucidate
potential application of genomic tools in molecular breeding of
grain legume species. The book contains fifteen chapters
contributed by 50 scientists from different countries who are
actively involved in analyzing and improving particular legume
genome. This book will serve as reference resource to legumes
researchers for use of genome information in improvement of major
legume crops.
Dr Sanjeev Gupta is Principal Scientist/Project Coordinator-All
India Coordinated Research Project on "Vigna" Crops at Indian
Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur. He has more than two
decades of research experience in grain legume breeding and
developed a number of high yielding cultivars in grain legumes. He
is authored numerous research papers published in peer-reviewed
journals and edited several books in plant breeding aspects. He was
the Organizing Secretary of the International Grain Legume
Conference, 2009 held in the Indian Institute of Pulses Research,
Kanpur, India. He has travelled across the continents to present
his research several times. He is recipient of several awards for
his research and literary contributions Dr. Nagasamy Nadarajan is
the Director of the Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR),
Kanpur. He has more than three decades of teaching and research
experience and developed more than fifteen legume and cereal
cultivars. He has to his credits more than 200 peer-reviewed
research publications. He has guided several graduate students for
Masters and Doctoral degrees in food legume breeding and genetics
research. He has authored a book in biometrics which is one of the
most popular books among the agriculture graduate students in
India. He is the recipient of three international and six national
awards and honours for his outstanding contributions Mr. Debjyoti
Sen Gupta is the ICAR International Fellow and Ph.D. candidate at
North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, USA. Recently, he
visited Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State
University, Pullman, USA for high throughput genotyping work.
Before joining at NDSU he was serving as the Scientist in the
Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR). He has authored several
research articles, review articles and book chapters in the
peer-reviewed journals and books from reputed publishers like
Springer, CABI etc. He is recipient of several fellowships like
CSIR-JRF, New Delhi; ICAR-JRF, New Delhi throughout his graduate
study programs. "
The international community has committed to scaling up aid and
improving aid delivery to low-income countries to help them meet
the Millennium Development Goals. Other 'emerging' donors, public
and private, are increasing their assistance, and debt-relief
initiatives are creating space for new borrowing. Remittances to
low-income countries have been on a precipitous rise, and many
countries are benefiting from high commodity prices. ""Fiscal
Management of Scaled-Up Aid"" explores approaches to the sound
fiscal management that will be required to ensure effective and
sustainable use of these flows. With a medium-term perspective and
efficient use of resources in mind, this paper addresses questions
that shape fiscal policy response to scaled-up aid. Drawing on IMF
Fiscal Affairs Department technical assistance to member countries,
it outlines factors that should be taken into account in preparing
an action plan for public financial management reform, and proposes
specific measures that will assist countries in strengthening
fiscal institutions.
What is the impact on trade in sub-Saharan Africa of the recent
rapid growth in China and other Asian countries, and the associated
commodity price boom? This paper looks at how trading patterns
(both destinations and composition) are changing in sub-Saharan
Africa. Has the region managed to diversify the products it sells
from commodities to manufactured goods? Has it expanded the range
of countries to which it exports? And what about the import side?
The time is ripe for sub-Saharan Africa to climb up the value chain
of its commodity-based exports and to aim at an export surge based
on labor-intensive manufacturing.
Digitization promises to reshape fiscal policy by transforming how
governments collect, process, share, and act on information. More
and higher-quality information can improve not only policy design
for tax and spending, but also systems for their management,
including tax administration and compliance, delivery of public
services, administration of social programs, public financial
management, and more. Countries must chart their own paths to
effectively balance the potential benefits against the risks and
challenges, including institutional and capacity constraints,
privacy concerns, and new avenues for fraud and evasion
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