This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, ISMM 2017, held in Fontainebleau, France, in May 2017. The 36 revised full papers presented together with 4 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on algebraic theory, max-plus and max-min mathematics; discrete geometry and discrete topology; watershed and graph-based segmentation; trees and hierarchies; topological and graph-based clustering, classification and filtering; connected operators and attribute filters; PDE-based morphology; scale-space representations and nonlinear decompositions; computational morphology; object detection; and biomedical, material science and physical applications.