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In recent years, most applications deal with constraint
decision-making systems as problems are based on imprecise
information and parameters. It is difficult to understand the
nature of data based on applications and it requires a specific
model for understanding the nature of the system. Further research
on constraint decision-making systems in engineering is required.
Constraint Decision-Making Systems in Engineering derives and
explores several types of constraint decisions in engineering and
focuses on new and innovative conclusions based on problems, robust
and efficient systems, and linear and non-linear applications.
Covering topics such as fault detection, data mining techniques,
and knowledge-based management, this premier reference source is an
essential resource for engineers, managers, computer scientists,
students and educators of higher education, librarians,
researchers, and academicians.
This book discusses the various open issues of blockchain
technology, such as the efficiency of blockchain in different
domains of digital cryptocurrency, smart contracts, smart education
system, smart cities, cloud identity and access, safeguard to
cybersecurity and health care. For the first time in human history,
people across the world can trust each other and transact over a
large peer-to-peer networks without any central authority. This
proves that, trust can be built not only by centralized institution
but also by protocols and cryptographic mechanisms. The potential
and collaboration between organizations and individuals within peer
networks make it possible to potentially move to a global
collaborative network without centralization. Blockchain is a
complex social, economic and technological phenomenon. This
questions what the established terminologies of the modern world
like currency, trust, economics and exchange would mean. To make
any sense, one needs to realize how much insightful and potential
it is in the context and the way it is technically developed. Due
to rapid changes in accessing the documents through online
transactions and transferring the currency online, many previously
used methods are proving insufficient and not secure to solve the
problem which arises in the safe and hassle-free transaction.
Nowadays, the world changes rapidly, and a transition flow is also
seen in Business Process Management (BPM). The traditional Business
Process Management holds good establishment last one to two
decades, but, the internal workflow confined in a single
organization. They do not manage the workflow process and
information across organizations. If they do so, again fall in the
same trap as the control transfers to the third party that is
centralized server and it leads to tampering the data, and single
point of failure. To address these issues, this book highlights a
number of unique problems and effective solutions that reflects the
state-of-the art in blockchain Technology. This book explores new
experiments and yields promising solutions to the current
challenges of blockchain technology. This book is intended for the
researchers, academicians, faculties, scientists, blockchain
specialists, business management and software industry
professionals who will find it beneficial for their research work
and set new ideas in the field of blockchain. This book caters
research work in many fields of blockchain engineering, and it
provides an in-depth knowledge of the fields covered.
This book focuses primarily on the nature-inspired approach for
designing smart applications. It includes several implementation
paradigms such as design and path planning of wireless network,
security mechanism and implementation for dynamic as well as static
nodes, learning method of cloud computing, data exploration and
management, data analysis and optimization, decision taking in
conflicting environment, etc. The book fundamentally highlights the
recent research advancements in the field of engineering and
science.
The book provides an up-to-date account of the various techniques
of fabrication & functionalization of electrospun nanofibers as
well as recent advancements. An overview of the advanced
applications of such techniques in different areas is also
presented. Both experimental and theoretical approaches related to
electrospun nanofibers are covered along with a discussion on the
inherent properties of electrospun nanofibers. Therefore, this book
provides a unique resource not only to established researchers but
also newcomers starting out in this field.
This book presents architectural solutions of wireless network and
its variations. It basically deals with modeling, analysis, design
and enhancement of different architectural parts of wireless
network. The main aim of this book is to enhance the applications
of wireless network by reducing and controlling its architectural
issues. The book discusses efficiency and robustness of wireless
network as a platform for communication and data transmission and
also discusses some challenges and security issues such as limited
hardware resources, unreliable communication, dynamic topology of
some wireless networks, vulnerability and unsecure environment.
This book is edited for users, academicians and researchers of
wireless network. Broadly, topics include modeling of security
enhancements, optimization model for network lifetime, modeling of
aggregation systems and analyzing of troubleshooting techniques.
There are various factors that influence the quality and quantity
of agricultural products; among them, weather conditions play the
most significant role in agriculture. More reliable weather
forecasting enables farmers to make important planting and
harvesting decisions that can enhance agricultural yield. Thus,
there is a dire need to combine all available modern technologies
and agricultural science for economic and environmentally
sustainable crop production. In this direction, artificial
intelligence (AI) serves as a budding solution in the domain of
agriculture practices. Artificial Intelligence Tools and
Technologies for Smart Farming and Agriculture Practices discusses
various tools and technologies that can be used in smart farming
and agriculture practice and explores the role of different
emerging technologies like the internet of things, big data,
machine learning, deep learning, and AI from agricultural
prospects. Covering key topics such as farming, pests, soil, and
weeds, this premier reference source is ideal for
environmentalists, farmers, agriculturalists, industry
professionals, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners,
instructors, and students.
Management of Vertigo Made Easy is a concise, easy to use guide to
this debilitating condition. Divided into twelve chapters, the book
begins with the physiology of vertigo, followed by chapters on its
causes, diagnosis, clinical tests, investigations and treatment.
Further chapters describe vestibular rehabilitation exercises,
important clinical conditions of vertigo, and a series of cases in
vertigo. Enhanced by over fifty images, illustrations and tables,
this book simplifies difficult concepts with a straightforward step
by step approach to management of vertigo. A final ‘Points to
Remember’ section, with clinical tips, makes Management of
Vertigo Made Easy an ideal pocket-sized handbook for interns and
residents, as well as otolaryngologists, neurologists and
physicians. Key Points Concise, easy to use guide to Vertigo Over
fifty images, illustrations and tables ‘Points to Remember’
section highlights important information, simplifying difficult
concepts Pocket-sized for use ‘on-the-go’
The world of brands is undergoing a sea of change in the domain of
consumer culture and it has become a challenge to cater to the
minds of audiences. As such, effective branding has moved from
being product- and service-oriented to organizational- and social
movement-oriented. Holistic Approaches to Brand Culture and
Communication Across Industries is a pivotal reference source for
the latest research findings on the use of theoretical and applied
frameworks of brand awareness and culture. Featuring extensive
coverage on relevant areas such as consumer behavior, observational
research, and brand equity, this publication is an ideal resource
for professionals, researchers, academics, students, managers, and
practitioners actively involved in the marketing industry.
This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to mHealth
technology and is accessible to technology-oriented researchers and
practitioners with backgrounds in computer science, engineering,
statistics, and applied mathematics. The contributing authors
include leading researchers and practitioners in the mHealth field.
The book offers an in-depth exploration of the three key elements
of mHealth technology: the development of on-body sensors that can
identify key health-related behaviors (sensors to markers), the use
of analytic methods to predict current and future states of health
and disease (markers to predictors), and the development of mobile
interventions which can improve health outcomes (predictors to
interventions). Chapters are organized into sections, with the
first section devoted to mHealth applications, followed by three
sections devoted to the above three key technology areas. Each
chapter can be read independently, but the organization of the
entire book provides a logical flow from the design of on-body
sensing technology, through the analysis of time-varying sensor
data, to interactions with a user which create opportunities to
improve health outcomes. This volume is a valuable resource to spur
the development of this growing field, and ideally suited for use
as a textbook in an mHealth course.
In the marine environment, single-celled, microscopic, plant-like
organisms naturally occur in the well-lit surface layer of any body
of water. These organisms, referred to as phytoplankton or
microalgae, form the base of the food web upon which nearly all
other marine organisms depend. Algal bloom is a rapid increase in
or accumulation of the population of about 300 species of algae due
to excess nutrients (eutrophication), and is of major global
interest as it causes reduction in species diversity, abrupt
changes in water quality, and discoloration of the water (green,
yellow, brown or red) depending on the species of algae and the
type of pigments they contain. Dying blooms can also be an
environmental concern as when the cells sink and decay, bacteria
break down the organic material, which in turn strips oxygen from
the water. This microbial oxygen demand at times leads to very low
oxygen levels in the bottom waters, harming aquatic life.
Documentation of this sporadic high abundance of algae, together
with the significant species richness of the diatoms, requires
comprehensive studies in the Sundarban coastal environment, which
is facing severe degradation due to natural & anthropogenic
stressors. In addition, a better understanding of the effects of
algal blooms on seafood quality, the complex biological, chemical
and physical interactions and subsequent effects on trophodynamics
is needed to develop strategies for effective coastal zone
management. The book discusses the occurrence of harmful algal
blooms (HABs) caused by the dinoflagellates of the genus
Alexandrium and Karenia, or diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia,
which have large and varied impacts on marine ecosystems (such as
large-scale marine mortality events that have been associated with
various types of shellfish poisonings) depending on the species
involved, the environment where they are found, and the mechanism
by which they exert negative effects. HABs represent a major
environmental problem in all regions of the U.S., and their
occurrence is on the rise due to increased nutrient pollution. HABs
have severe impacts on human health, aquatic ecosystems, and the
economy. Such blooms, known colloquially as red tides due to their
red or brown hues, are increasing in frequency and magnitude
worldwide as a result of changes in oceanic climate, increased
coastal eutrophication and enhanced long-distance dispersal in
ballast water. As such, the book offers an in-depth account of the
complex biological, chemical and physical interactions of the algal
blooms (both innocuous and harmful ones). It also discusses the
highly topical issue of the impact of global climate change on the
frequency and severity of HABs in the context of alterations in
temperature, stratification, light and ocean acidification.
Focusing on both basic and applied limnology, this book is a
reliable and up-to-date reference resource for students, teachers
and researchers engaged in the field of coastal research/management
at regional and global scales.
This book explores several problems and their solutions regarding
data analysis and prediction for industrial applications. Machine
learning is a prominent topic in modern industries: its influence
can be felt in many aspects of everyday life, as the world rapidly
embraces big data and data analytics. Accordingly, there is a
pressing need for novel and innovative algorithms to help us find
effective solutions in industrial application areas such as media,
healthcare, travel, finance, and retail. In all of these areas,
data is the crucial parameter, and the main key to unlocking the
value of industry. The book presents a range of intelligent
algorithms that can be used to filter useful information in the
above-mentioned application areas and efficiently solve particular
problems. Its main objective is to raise awareness for this
important field among students, researchers, and industrial
practitioners.
This edited book presents point of view and the work being
undertaken by active researchers in the domain of IOT and its
applications with societal impact. The book is useful to other
researchers for the understanding of the research domain and
different points of views expressed by the experts in their
contributed chapters. The contributions are from both industry and
academia; hence, it provides a rich source of both theoretical and
practical work going on in the research domain of IOT.
The many drawbacks of conventional dosage forms and delivery
systems are overcome by designing and developing controlled release
drug delivery systems, and pharmaceutical and other scientists have
carried out extensive and intensive investigations in the field to
explore their applications. A controlled-release drug formulation
can improve product efficacy and extend patent protection. As
controlled drug delivery systems continue to play a vital role in
delivering various types of therapeutic agents in a controlled
manner, researchers are only just scratching the surface of their
full potential. Advancements in Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
supplies information on translating the physicochemical properties
of drugs into drug delivery systems, explores how drugs are
administered via various routes, and discusses recent advancements
in the fabrication and development of controlled drug delivery
systems. It also underlines the methodology of controlled drug
delivery system preparation and the significance, disadvantages,
detailed classifications, and relevant examples. Covering topics
such as machine learning and oral-controlled drug delivery, this
book is ideal for pharmacists, healthcare professionals,
researchers, academicians, research centers, health units,
students, and pharmaceutical and scientific laboratories.
Cinema in India is an entertainment medium that is interwoven into
society and culture at large. It is clearly evident that continuous
struggle and conflict at the personal as well as societal levels is
depicted in cinema in India. It has become a reflection of society
both in negative and positive ways. Hence, cinema has become an
influential factor and one of the largest mass communication
mediums in the nation. Social and Cultural Dynamics in Indian
Cinema is an essential reference source that discusses cultural and
societal issues including caste, gender, oppression, and social
movements through cinema and particularly in specific language
cinema and culture. Featuring research on topics such as Bollywood,
film studies, and gender equality, this book is ideally designed
for researchers, academicians, film studies students, and industry
professionals seeking coverage on various aspects of regional
cinema in India.
Calcium Transport Elements in Plants discusses the role of calcium
in plant development and stress signaling, the mechanism of Ca2+
homeostasis across plant membranes, and the evolution of
Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily proteins. Additional
sections cover genome-wide analysis of Annexins and their roles in
plants, the roles of calmodulin in abiotic stress responses,
calcium transport in relation to plant nutrition/biofortification,
and much more. Written by leading experts in the field, this title
is an essential resource for students and researchers that need all
of the information on calcium transport elements in one place.
Calcium transport elements are involved in various structural,
physiological and biochemical processes or signal transduction
pathways in response to various abiotic and biotic stimuli.
Development of high throughput sequencing technology has favored
the identification and characterization of numerous gene families
in plants in recent years, including the calcium transport
elements.
The growth of human population has increased the demand for
improved yield and quality of crops and horticultural plants.
However, plant productivity continues to be threatened by stresses
such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, UV radiations, bacterial
and fungal pathogens, and insect pests. Long noncoding RNAs are
associated with various developmental pathways, regulatory systems,
abiotic and biotic stress responses and signaling, and can provide
an alternative strategy for stress management in plants. Long
Noncoding RNAs in Plants: Roles in development and stress provides
the most recent advances in LncRNAs, including identification,
characterization, and their potential applications and uses.
Introductory chapters include the basic features and brief history
of development of lncRNAs studies in plants. The book then provides
the knowledge about the lncRNAs in various important agricultural
and horticultural crops such as cereals, legumes, fruits,
vegetables, and fiber crop cotton, and their roles and applications
in abiotic and biotic stress management.
This book presents the state-of-the-art methods in Linear Integer
Programming, including some new algorithms and heuristic methods
developed by the authors in recent years. Topics as Characteristic
equation (CE), application of CE to bi-objective and
multi-objective problems, Binary integer problems, Mixed-integer
models, Knapsack models, Complexity reduction, Feasible-space
reduction, Random search, Connected graph are also treated.
This book presents an analysis of the techniques used for the
synthesis of innovative functional carbon nanostructures. The
chapters describe the research and development of various layered
carbon nanostructures. Emphasis is given to the impact of defects
on carbon nanostructures. The application of carbon nanostructured
materials in biomedical field and energy storage is described.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected a wide range of global sectors, but
one of the most important is education. The transition from
classroom to computer screen was a difficult one for many Asian
students, parents, and teachers. Since this transition, global
education systems now mostly depend on online technology. It is
crucial that the impact of the pandemic on education is not only
examined from a Western point of view, but also from Eastern
perspectives. The Handbook of Research on Asian Perspectives of the
Educational Impact of COVID-19 provides the current issues the
education sector is facing in the aftermath of the COVID-19
pandemic. This book investigates the issues and challenges the
education sector is facing as well as the future directions needed
to provide education in a more effective way. Covering topics such
as academic perspectives, university-level employees, and
leadership challenges, this book is a dynamic resource for
students, teachers, pre-service teachers, school administrators,
education providers, faculty, researchers, policymakers, and
academicians.
Compiles current research on nanomaterials as well as their
versatile applications in plant biotic stress management Describes
role of nanomaterials as enzyme-mimicking nanoparticles,
nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, and nanomaterials Reviews
day-to-day problems related to crop plants, their diagnostics and
stress management Explores trends in nanomaterials utility towards
diagnostics, enzyme-mimicking, crop protection and their possible
role in plant disease management Includes pertinent nanomaterials
including synthetic strategies, properties, chemistry, and
applications
1. This book assesses different sectors in the world economy with
particular emphasis on the Indian economy and highlights the
achievement and prevailing problems in the sectors. 2. It focuses
specially on industries, investment and trade; finance and credit;
and employment, gender and development. 3. It will be of interest
to departments of Economics, Business, and Gender Studies across
the UK and USA.
This book discusses molecular approaches in plant as response to
environmental factors, such as variations in temperature, water
availability, salinity, and metal stress. The book also covers the
impact of increasing global population, urbanization, and
industrialization on these molecular behaviors. It covers the
natural tolerance mechanism which plants adopt to cope with adverse
environments, as well as the novel molecular strategies for
engineering the plants in human interest. This book will be of
interest to researchers working on the impact of the changing
environment on plant ecology, issues of crop yield, and nutrient
quantity and quality in agricultural crops. The book will be of
interest to researchers as well as policy makers in the
environmental and agricultural domains.
Selected papers from the International Conference on New
Computational Social Science, focusing on the following five
aspects: Big data acquisition and analysis, Integration of
qualitative research and quantitative research, Sociological
Internet experiment research, Application of ABM simulation method
in Sociology Research, Research and development of new social
computing tools. With the rapid development of information
technology, especially sweeping progress in the Internet of things,
cloud computing, social networks, social media and big data, social
computing, as a data-intensive science, is an emerging field that
leverages the capacity to collect and analyze data with an
unprecedented breadth, depth and scale. It represents a new
computing paradigm and an interdisciplinary field of research and
application. A broad comprehension of major topics involved in
social computing is important for both scholars and practitioners.
This proceedings presents and discusses key concepts and analyzes
the state-of-the-art of the field. The conference not only gave
insights on social computing, but also affords conduit for future
research in the field. Social computing has two distinct trends:
One is on the social science issues, such as computational social
science, computational sociology, social network analysis, etc; The
other is on the use of computational techniques. Finally some new
challenges ahead are summarized, including interdisciplinary
cooperation and training, big data sharing for scientific data
mashups, and privacy protect.
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