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Long before American women had the right to vote, states
dramatically transformed their status as economic citizens. In the
early nineteenth century, a married woman had hardly any legal
existence apart from her husband. By the twentieth, state-level
statutes, constitutional provisions, and court rulings had granted
married women a host of protections relating to ownership and
control of property. Why did powerful men extend these rights
during a period when women had so little political sway? In Her Own
Name explores the origins and consequences of laws guaranteeing
married women's property rights, focusing on the people and
institutions that shaped them. Sara Chatfield demonstrates that the
motives of male elites included personal interests, benefits to the
larger economy, and bolstering state power. She shows that married
women's property rights could serve varied political goals across
regions and eras, from temperance to debt relief to settlement of
the West. State legislatures, constitutional conventions, and
courts expanded these rights incrementally, and laws spread across
the country without national-level coordination. Chatfield
emphasizes that the reform of married women's economic rights
rested on exclusionary foundations, including protecting slavery
and encouraging settler colonialism. Although some women benefited
from property reforms, many others saw their rights stripped away
by the same processes. Drawing on a mix of qualitative and
quantitative evidence, In Her Own Name sheds new light on the place
of women in the fitful democratization of the United States.
Long before American women had the right to vote, states
dramatically transformed their status as economic citizens. In the
early nineteenth century, a married woman had hardly any legal
existence apart from her husband. By the twentieth, state-level
statutes, constitutional provisions, and court rulings had granted
married women a host of protections relating to ownership and
control of property. Why did powerful men extend these rights
during a period when women had so little political sway? In Her Own
Name explores the origins and consequences of laws guaranteeing
married women's property rights, focusing on the people and
institutions that shaped them. Sara Chatfield demonstrates that the
motives of male elites included personal interests, benefits to the
larger economy, and bolstering state power. She shows that married
women's property rights could serve varied political goals across
regions and eras, from temperance to debt relief to settlement of
the West. State legislatures, constitutional conventions, and
courts expanded these rights incrementally, and laws spread across
the country without national-level coordination. Chatfield
emphasizes that the reform of married women's economic rights
rested on exclusionary foundations, including protecting slavery
and encouraging settler colonialism. Although some women benefited
from property reforms, many others saw their rights stripped away
by the same processes. Drawing on a mix of qualitative and
quantitative evidence, In Her Own Name sheds new light on the place
of women in the fitful democratization of the United States.
We elaborate a general workflow of weighting-based survey
inference, decomposing it into two main tasks. The first is the
estimation of population targets from one or more sources of
auxiliary information. The second is the construction of weights
that calibrate the survey sample to the population targets. We
emphasize that these tasks are predicated on models of the
measurement, sampling, and nonresponse process whose assumptions
cannot be fully tested. After describing this workflow in abstract
terms, we then describe in detail how it can be applied to the
analysis of historical and contemporary opinion polls. We also
discuss extensions of the basic workflow, particularly inference
for causal quantities and multilevel regression and
poststratification.
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