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Sarah B. Pralle takes an in-depth look at why some environmental
conflicts expand to attract a lot of attention and participation,
while others generate little interest or action. "Branching Out,
Digging In" examines the expansion and containment of political
conflict around forest policies in the United States and Canada.
Late in 1993 citizens from around the world mobilized on behalf of
saving old-growth forests in Clayoquot Sound. Yet, at the same time
only a very few took note of an even larger reserve of public land
at risk in northern California. Both cases, the Clayoquot Sound
controversy in British Columbia and the Quincy Library Group case
in the Sierra Nevada mountains of northern California, centered
around conflicts between environmentalists seeking to preserve
old-growth forests and timber companies fighting to preserve their
logging privileges. Both marked important episodes in the history
of forest politics in their respective countries but with
dramatically different results. The Clayoquot Sound controversy
spawned the largest civil disobedience in Canadian history;
international demonstrations in Japan, England, Germany, Austria,
and the United States; and, the most significant changes in British
Columbia's forest policy in decades. On the other hand, the
California case, with four times as many acres at stake, became the
poster child for the "collaborative conservation" approach, using
stakeholder collaboration and negotiation to achieve a compromise
that ultimately broke down and ended up in the courts. Pralle
analyzes how the various political actors - local and national
environmental organizations, local residents, timber companies, and
different levels of government - defined the issues in both words
and images, created and reconfigured alliances, and drew in
different governmental institutions to attempt to achieve their
goals. She develops a dynamic new model of conflict management by
advocacy groups that puts a premium on nimble timing, flexibility,
targeting, and tactics to gain the advantage and shows that how
political actors go about exploiting these opportunities and
overcoming constraints is a critical part of the policy process.
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